Correct Answer:
A. Ideological
The correct answer is Ideological. Pakistan is an ideological state, meaning its foundation was based on a distinct ideology rather than just geography or ethnicity. The ideology of Pakistan was rooted in the Two‑Nation Theory, which argued that Muslims and Hindus were two separate nations and that Muslims of the subcontinent needed a separate homeland to preserve their identity, culture, and religion. Pakistan's ideological basis was articulated by Allama Iqbal and Quaid‑e‑Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The country was established on Islamic principles, making it distinct from non‑ideological or socialist states. Therefore, Pakistan is an ideological state.