Correct answer: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus in the brain controls body temperature.
Background: It works like a thermostat for the body.
Did you know? It also controls hunger, thirst, and sleep.
Memory trick: Hypothalamus = thermostat.
Correct answer: William Ramsay. Sir William Ramsay, with Morris Travers, discovered neon in 1898.
Background: Neon gives a bright red-orange glow in signs.
Did you know? Ramsay also discovered argon, krypton, and xenon.
Memory trick: Neon = Ramsay.
Correct answer: Indus. Tarbela Dam is built on the Indus River.
Background: It is the largest earth-filled dam in the world.
Did you know? It was completed in 1974 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Memory trick: Tarbela = Indus.
Correct answer: Karez. A karez is a traditional underground channel that carries groundwater to farmland in Balochistan.
Background: Karez systems are an ancient method from Persia.
Did you know? Karez water flows by gravity and does not need pumps.
Memory trick: Karez = underground tunnel.
Correct answer: Tajikistan. The Nurek Dam is on the Vakhsh River in Tajikistan.
Background: It is one of the tallest dams in the world, at about 300 m.
Did you know? Tajikistan gets most of its electricity from hydropower.
Memory trick: Nurek = Tajikistan.
Correct answer: Igor Sikorsky. Igor Sikorsky built the first practical single-rotor helicopter, the VS-300, in 1939–40.
Background: Sikorsky was born in Kyiv, Ukraine.
Did you know? The Wright Brothers flew in 1903.
Memory trick: Sikorsky = helicopter.
Correct answer: Europe. The Alps are in Europe.
Background: The Alps pass through countries such as Switzerland, Austria, France, and Italy.
Did you know? Mont Blanc is the highest peak of the Alps.
Memory trick: Alps = Europe.
Correct answer: 114. India’s Defence Acquisition Council gave its approval on 12 February 2026 for 114 more Rafale jets from France.
Background: The approval is a first step; the final government-to-government contract was still being negotiated.
Did you know? France submitted its formal offer in August 2026.
Memory trick: Rafale 2026: 114 more.
Correct answer: 60th. The 2024 election was the 60th US presidential election.
Background: US presidential elections are held every four years.
Did you know? The 2020 election was the 59th.
Memory trick: 2024 = 60th.
Correct answer: Pacific. The Sulu Islands (the Sulu Archipelago) lie between the Philippines and Borneo, in the Pacific Ocean.
Background: The Sulu Sea is a part of the western Pacific.
Did you know? The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean.
Memory trick: Sulu = Philippines = Pacific.
Correct answer: Siachen. The Siachen Glacier, about 76 km long, is the longest glacier in the Karakoram and the second-longest in the world outside the polar regions.
Background: Siachen lies in the eastern Karakoram, in the disputed area between Pakistan and India.
Did you know? The longest glacier outside the polar regions is the Fedchenko Glacier in Tajikistan.
Memory trick: Siachen = longest in Karakoram.
Correct answer: 4. Pakistan has four provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan.
Background: Islamabad Capital Territory and Gilgit-Baltistan are not provinces.
Did you know? Balochistan is the largest province by area.
Memory trick: 4 provinces: P-S-K-B.
Correct answer: 18 Aug 2008. Pervez Musharraf announced his resignation as President on 18 August 2008.
Background: He resigned to avoid an impeachment motion by the ruling coalition.
Did you know? Asif Ali Zardari succeeded him in September 2008.
Memory trick: 18 Aug 2008.
Correct answer: 16 Oct 1951. Liaqat Ali Khan, Pakistan’s first Prime Minister, was assassinated on 16 October 1951 in Rawalpindi.
Background: He was shot at a public meeting in Company Bagh, now called Liaquat Bagh.
Did you know? He was given the title “Shaheed-e-Millat”.
Memory trick: 16 Oct 1951.
Correct answer: Ghulam Muhammad. Governor-General Ghulam Muhammad dismissed Khawaja Nazimuddin’s government in April 1953.
Background: Nazimuddin had a majority in the Constituent Assembly when he was dismissed.
Did you know? The dismissal set a precedent for later dismissals of governments.
Memory trick: 1953: Ghulam Muhammad dismisses Nazimuddin.
Correct answer: 2025. Pakistan and Saudi Arabia signed the Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement in September 2025.
Background: The agreement says that an attack on one country will be treated as an attack on both.
Did you know? It was signed in Riyadh.
Memory trick: Pak–Saudi defence pact = 2025.
Correct answer: 16 Dec 1971. Dhaka fell on 16 December 1971, when the Pakistani forces in the East surrendered, and Bangladesh became independent.
Background: The war between Pakistan and India in December 1971 led to the separation of East Pakistan.
Did you know? Bangladesh celebrates 16 December as Victory Day.
Memory trick: 16 December 1971.
Correct answer: ZA Bhutto. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto became the first civilian Chief Martial Law Administrator in December 1971.
Background: He took over after Yahya Khan handed over power following the 1971 war.
Did you know? He was also the first civilian President of Pakistan after 1971.
Memory trick: Civilian CMLA = Bhutto.
Correct answer: Yahya Afridi. Justice Yahya Afridi has been Chief Justice of Pakistan since October 2024.
Background: He is the 30th Chief Justice of Pakistan.
Did you know? A Federal Constitutional Court was created in 2025, with its own Chief Justice.
Memory trick: CJP (2026) = Yahya Afridi.
Correct answer: 1973. The definition of a Muslim is given in Article 260 of the 1973 Constitution, added by the Second Amendment of 1974.
Background: The Second Amendment declared the Ahmadis non-Muslims for constitutional purposes.
Did you know? The 1962 Constitution was Pakistan’s second constitution.
Memory trick: Definition of Muslim = 1973, Article 260.
Correct answer: Hague. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has its headquarters in The Hague, the Netherlands.
Background: The ICJ is the main judicial organ of the United Nations.
Did you know? It is the only principal UN organ that is not located in New York.
Memory trick: ICJ = The Hague.