PMS 2025 S&GAD PAPER PPSC PAST PAPERS

Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He was born in Stagira, Chalcidice, in ancient Greece, making Greece the correct answer. His extensive writings on physics, metaphysics, ethics, politics, and more profoundly influenced Western thought for centuries.

• Italy, while home to ancient Roman civilization, was not Aristotle's birthplace.
• Egypt was another significant ancient civilization, but not his country of origin.
• Rome refers to the ancient city and empire, which was distinct from ancient Greece during Aristotle's time.

The question asks which organization Pakistan is not a member of. BRICS is an acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Pakistan is not a member of BRICS, making it the correct answer.

• SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) includes Pakistan as a founding member, alongside India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Maldives, Bhutan, and Afghanistan.
• ECO (Economic Cooperation Organization) is a political and economic intergovernmental organization founded by Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey.
• OIC (Organization of Islamic Cooperation) is an intergovernmental organization of 57 states, including Pakistan, founded in 1969, aiming to safeguard the interests of the Muslim world.

During the reign of Emperor Akbar, the Mansabdari system was a crucial administrative and military framework. A Mansabdar was a military officer and civil bureaucrat whose rank (mansab) determined their status, salary, and the number of cavalrymen (sawar) they were required to maintain. For a significant class of Mansabdars, it was compulsory to maintain at least 200–400 horsemen, reflecting the military strength expected of them. This range was essential for the effective functioning of the Mughal army and administration.

• Options like 300–400 and 400–700 represent different or less common requirements for various Mansabdar ranks, but 200–400 was a standard compulsory range for many.

The Bretton Woods system was established in 1944 at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. Its primary objective was to create a new global International Monetary System to regulate monetary and financial relations among countries after World War II. This system led to the creation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), now part of the World Bank Group, aiming to stabilize exchange rates and promote international trade.

• Economic System is too broad; Bretton Woods specifically focused on monetary aspects.
• To promote technology and To create a global military alliance were not objectives of the Bretton Woods system.

Queen Elizabeth I, one of England's most iconic monarchs, belonged to the Tudor dynasty. She was the daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, and her reign (1558–1603) marked a golden age in English history, often referred to as the Elizabethan era. The Tudor dynasty ruled England from 1485 to 1603, succeeding the Plantagenets and preceding the Stuarts.

• The York dynasty was one of the two main factions (the other being the House of Lancaster) involved in the Wars of the Roses, which preceded the establishment of the Tudor dynasty.
• None of these and — are incorrect as the Tudor dynasty is a well-documented historical fact.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FD Roosevelt) was the 32nd President of the United States, serving from 1933 until his death in April 1945, thus leading the country through the vast majority of World War II. His leadership was pivotal in the Allied victory.

• Theodor Roosevelt was the 26th U.S. President, serving from 1901 to 1909, long before WWII.
• Henry Truman (Harry S. Truman) became President after FDR's death in April 1945, overseeing the final months of the war, but not its primary duration.
• Dwight D. Eisenhower was a prominent Allied general during WWII and later became the 34th U.S. President from 1953 to 1961, well after the war concluded.

General Zia Ur Rehman, the former President of Bangladesh, is widely recognized as the 'Father of SAARC' (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). He initiated the idea of regional cooperation among South Asian nations in the late 1970s, which eventually led to SAARC's formation in 1985.

• General Zia Ul Haq was a former President of Pakistan, but not associated with the founding concept of SAARC.
• Birendra Bir Bikram refers to King Birendra of Nepal, who was a monarch during SAARC's establishment but not its conceptualizer.
• Jawaharlal Nehru was India's first Prime Minister and a key figure in the Non-Aligned Movement, but SAARC was formed much later and not under his initiative.

The famous quote, “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the Earth,” is attributed to Archimedes, the ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, and engineer. This statement illustrates the principle of the lever, demonstrating that with a sufficiently long lever and a stable fulcrum, even a small force can move an immense object.

• Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher known for his method of inquiry, not for this mechanical principle.
• Aristotle was another influential Greek philosopher and polymath, but this specific quote is not attributed to him.
• Pythagoras was an ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher, best known for the Pythagorean theorem, not for the lever principle.