An anecdotal record is a factual, objective written account of a significant incident observed in a student's behaviour.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Pilot testing means administering an instrument on a small scale before the main study to find weaknesses, unclear items, and problems, so that it can be improved.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
The range is calculated by subtracting the lowest score from the highest score in a distribution, giving a simple measure of spread.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Simple random sampling gives every member of the population an equal and independent chance of being selected.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
In systematic sampling, participants are chosen at regular intervals (such as every tenth student) from an ordered population list, usually after a random starting point.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Stratified sampling divides the population into relevant subgroups (strata) and selects participants from each, often proportionally, so that every subgroup is represented.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Experimental research normally begins with a hypothesis that can be tested by manipulating variables and observing their effects.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
A distractor is an incorrect option designed to be a plausible alternative that attracts students who hold misconceptions or have not mastered the content.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Summative evaluation is conducted at the end of a course or instructional period to determine how far learning objectives have been achieved, and it is often used for grading and certification.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Diagnostic evaluation is used before or during instruction to identify learners' strengths, weaknesses, difficulties, and prior knowledge.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Formative evaluation takes place during instruction and provides feedback that teachers and students can use to improve teaching and learning.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Essay tests let students organize, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information in their own words, making them suitable for complex learning outcomes.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Unstructured (extended-response) essays give students greater freedom in content and organization, which makes scoring less objective and less reliable.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Eclecticism involves selecting and combining useful ideas or principles from different philosophical systems rather than adhering strictly to one.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Rousseau emphasized natural development, individual freedom, learner-centered education, and teaching according to the child's developmental needs.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
The stem is the question or incomplete statement in a multiple-choice item that presents the problem to which the examinee responds.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Aristotle is strongly associated with realism because of his emphasis on observation, the empirical world, reason, and the study of nature.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
2 agree0 disagree
Pragmatism emphasizes practical consequences, experience, experimentation, and solving problems through action; ideas are judged by how well they work.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Progressive education, especially in Dewey's philosophy, views the school as a social institution and a miniature democratic society where students learn cooperation, shared responsibility, and democratic participation through experience.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Dewey held that education is not just preparation for a future stage of life but a continuous process of growth through experience, so learning is part of living itself.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Perennialism holds that enduring truths and universal ideas remain relevant across time, so it emphasizes the study of great books and classic works that are intellectually and culturally significant.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Progressivism emphasizes learning through experience, problem-solving, learner participation, and education for democratic living.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge: its nature, sources, justification, and limits.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Questions about whether something represents objective reality concern the nature of reality and existence, which is the domain of metaphysics.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree
Rationalism gives primary importance to reason and logical thinking as sources of knowledge, holding that certain truths can be reached by thought itself.
Is this answer helpful and correct?
0 agree0 disagree