Pedagogy MCQs

A minimum of 30 subjects is acceptable in correlational research for statistical power.

Cross-sectional surveys
Collect data from a population at a specific point in time. This type of study is often used to examine the relationships between different variables within a population at a specific time. Cross-sectional studies are quick to conduct and cost-effective. They are often used in developmental psychology, social science, and education.
Longitudinal surveys
Collect data from the same sample over an extended period of time. This type of study allows researchers to track their subjects in real-time, which can help them better determine the order of events and understand cause-and-effect relationships

Cross-sectional surveys
Collect data from a population at a specific point in time. This type of study is often used to examine the relationships between different variables within a population at a specific time. Cross-sectional studies are quick to conduct and cost-effective. They are often used in developmental psychology, social science, and education.
Longitudinal surveys
Collect data from the same sample over an extended period of time. This type of study allows researchers to track their subjects in real-time, which can help them better determine the order of events and understand cause-and-effect relationships

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Longitudinal survey studies can be classified as both trend surveys and cohort surveys, and panel surveys:
Trend surveys: A type of longitudinal survey that studies trends over time
Cohort surveys: A type of longitudinal survey that samples a group of people who share a common characteristic, such as birth or graduation
Panel surveys: A type of longitudinal survey that follows a smaller group of people over time
Longitudinal studies can be either prospective or retrospective in nature. They can be expensive and time-consuming, as it can take a long time to collect and analyze the data.

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In causal-comparative research, the independent variable has already occurred.

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In this research, groups are not randomly assigned but naturally formed.

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Qualitative and quantitative methods may be combined to provide a comprehensive understanding of the research problem.

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A hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables based on existing knowledge.

The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher, and in this case, it’s the teaching method.

Inductive hypothesis generalizes from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories.

The dependent variable is the one measured, and test scores are the result of the independent variable's effect.

Deductive hypothesis involves testing a theory by collecting data to accept or reject the hypothesis.

In action research, the researcher is directly involved in the process.

CAI (Computer-Assisted Instruction) is often studied in controlled experimental research.

The correlation coefficient ranges from -1.00 to +1.00.

A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other does too.

The independent variable is also called antecedent, treatment, or cause.

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