A learner encounters information that cannot fit comfortably into an existing schema, producing cognitive imbalance. Piaget would call this:
Disequilibrium is cognitive imbalance caused by new information that does not fit.
Disequilibrium is cognitive imbalance caused by new information that does not fit.
Adaptation involves assimilation and accommodation to restore equilibrium.
Preoperational thought includes symbolic and pretend play.
Growth is primarily physical/quantitative; development includes broader qualitative changes.
Growth and development are related but distinguishable concepts.
Development is continuous even though its rate may vary.
Cephalocaudal development proceeds from head to lower body.
Proximodistal development proceeds from center to extremities.
Development reflects interaction between genetic potential and environment.
Humanism emphasizes free will, growth, and self-actualization.
Esteem needs involve recognition, confidence, and achievement.
Self-actualization is fulfilling one's potential.
Latency involves dormant sexual energy and focus on social and intellectual development.
Sublimation channels unacceptable impulses into socially valued activities.
Gestalt psychology holds that perception is active, not passively received.
The unconscious contains thoughts and memories outside awareness that still influence behavior.
Preconscious material is not currently in awareness but can be retrieved with cues.
The superego represents internalized moral standards.
The anal stage centers on toilet training and control.
The Oedipus/Electra conflict occurs during the phallic stage.
Behaviorism focuses only on observable stimulus-response relationships.
Structuralism seeks the basic elements of conscious experience through introspection.
Functionalism focuses on the purpose or function of mental processes.
Functionalism viewed consciousness as a continuous stream.