In 1964, Koontz and O’Donnell divided management into five parts as:

    (a) POSDR

    (b) POSDI

    (c) POSDC

    (d) POCCC

Koontz and O’Donnell divided the management process into five primary functions. These are:

1. Planning: Setting goals, objectives, and strategies for an organization.
2. Organizing: Structuring resources and activities to achieve organizational goals.
3. Staffing: Recruiting, selecting, training, and developing employees.
4. Directing: Leading and motivating employees to achieve organizational objectives.
5. Controlling: Monitoring performance, comparing it with standards, and taking corrective action.

These five functions are often referred to as the management process.