Correct Answer:
B. Formative
The question asks about assessment carried out throughout a course. Formative assessment is the correct answer. This type of assessment is designed to monitor student learning during instruction, providing ongoing feedback that can be used by instructors to improve their teaching and by students to improve their learning. It is 'for learning,' helping to 'form' understanding.
- Examples include quizzes, homework, class discussions, and drafts of assignments.
- Diagnostic assessment is conducted *before* instruction to assess prior knowledge and identify learning gaps.
- Initial assessment is synonymous with diagnostic, referring to assessment at the beginning.
- Summative assessment is conducted *at the end* of a course or unit to evaluate overall learning against a standard, such as final exams or major projects.