Correct Answer:
A. Condemn
The question asks for the antonym of "APPROBATE." To "approbate" means to approve formally or sanction something. Therefore, its antonym should mean to express strong disapproval or to condemn. Option A, "Condemn," is the correct antonym, as it means to express complete disapproval of, typically in public; censure.
- Option B, "Ingratitude," means a lack of thankfulness, which is unrelated to approval or disapproval.
- Option C, "Master," can mean a skilled person or to gain control over something, neither of which is an antonym for approbate.
- Option D, "Permit," means to allow or authorize, which is a synonym or closely related concept to approbate, not an antonym.
Understanding "approbate" as formal approval helps in identifying "condemn" as its direct opposite, signifying strong disapproval.