Who established Summerhill School in England, which emphasized learning by discovery?

The question identifies the founder of Summerhill School, known for emphasizing learning by discovery.

• A. S. Neill is the correct answer. He founded Summerhill School in England in 1921, pioneering a radical approach to education centered on child freedom, self-regulation, and learning through intrinsic motivation and discovery. Neill believed children thrive when given autonomy over their learning choices and emotional development.
• John Dewey is incorrect. While a prominent American educational reformer and proponent of progressivism and "learning by doing," he did not establish Summerhill.
• Maria Montessori is incorrect. She developed the Montessori method, which emphasizes self-directed activity and hands-on learning, but she did not found Summerhill.
• Ivan Illich is incorrect. He was a critic of institutionalized schooling, known for his concept of "deschooling society," and was not associated with founding Summerhill.

Neill's vision for Summerhill profoundly influenced alternative education movements worldwide.