Which policy first proposed nationalization of private educational institutions in Pakistan?

The policy that first proposed and implemented the nationalization of private educational institutions in Pakistan was the Education Policy (1972-80). Introduced by Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's government, this policy aimed to standardize education, reduce disparities, and make education accessible to all segments of society by bringing private schools and colleges under government control. This was a radical shift that profoundly impacted the educational landscape of the country.

• The Commission on National Education (1959), under Ayub Khan, focused on reforms and diversification but did not propose nationalization.
• The National Education Policy (1998-2010) and the National Education Policy (2009) both emphasized public-private partnerships and quality improvement, moving away from the nationalization model of the 1970s.