Novices must learn a multistep laboratory procedure with significant safety implications. Which instructional sequence is most appropriate?

Correct answer: Model explicitly, guide practice, then supervise independence. For novices learning a safety-critical procedure, model explicitly, guide practice, then supervise independence (gradual release).

• Begin with independent performance before any demonstration. Independent performance before any demonstration is unsafe for novices.
• Use open exploration and discuss safety after errors occur. Discussing safety only after errors is unacceptable in a safety-critical task.
• Rely on peer discovery without modelling the procedure. Peer discovery without modelling risks errors and accidents.