What was the first written constitution of the world?

The correct answer is Meesaq-e-Madina, also known as the Constitution of Medina. This document, drafted in 622 CE, is widely recognized by historians as the world's first written constitution. It was formulated by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Medina, establishing a multi-religious Islamic state and outlining the rights and responsibilities of the various communities, including Muslims, Jews, and pagans, living within the city. It aimed to foster peace, mutual defense, and justice among these diverse groups, providing a framework for governance and inter-communal relations during a critical period in early Islamic history.

• Option A, Magna Carta, is incorrect. While a significant historical document signed in 1215 CE in England, it primarily served to limit the power of the king and protect certain rights of the nobility, rather than establishing a comprehensive framework for a state as a full constitution.
• Option C, US Constitution, is incorrect. The United States Constitution was adopted in 1787, making it a relatively modern constitution, far from being the first in the world.
• Option D, Code of Hammurabi, is incorrect. This ancient Babylonian legal code, dating back to approximately 1754 BCE, is a collection of laws and decrees. While immensely important as an early legal system, it does not constitute a constitution in the sense of establishing the structure and principles of governance for a political entity, as the Meesaq-e-Madina did.