Noam Chomsky is a:

The correct answer is American intellectual and professor. Noam Chomsky is an internationally renowned American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, and political activist. He is widely considered one of the most important public intellectuals of the modern era and has been a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for decades. Among the options:

• British Scientist: Incorrect; he is American, not British.
• French Philosopher: Incorrect.
• German Economist: Incorrect.
• American intellectual and professor: Correct.

Thus, the correct answer is "American intellectual and professor".