As of 2025, how many full members does the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) have?

Correct answer: 10. The SCO has 10 members: China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India, Pakistan, Iran, and Belarus.

Background: Iran became a member in 2023 and Belarus in 2024.

• 8: Eight was the number before Iran joined.
• 9: Nine was the number after Iran joined in 2023 and before Belarus joined in 2024.
• 12: Twelve is more than the actual number.

Did you know? The SCO was founded in 2001 in Shanghai, and Pakistan and India joined together in 2017.

Memory trick: 8 → 9 (Iran) → 10 (Belarus).