Correct Answer:
B. William Harvey
The understanding of human anatomy shifted fundamentally during the scientific revolution due to rigorous empirical observation.
- The human blood circulation system was discovered and accurately detailed by the English physician William Harvey, who published his findings in 1628.
- The other figures are credited with separate breakthroughs: Louis Pasteur (germ theory/pasteurization), Alexander Fleming (penicillin), and Gregor Mendel (laws of genetic inheritance).