Correct answer: Electronic mail. E-mail stands for electronic mail.
Background: E-mail is a way of sending messages over a network.
Did you know? The first networked e-mail was sent in 1971.
Memory trick: E = Electronic.
Correct answer: 1969. ARPANET, the ancestor of the internet, began operating in 1969.
Background: The modern internet based on TCP/IP began in 1983.
Did you know? The first ARPANET message was sent in October 1969.
Memory trick: ARPANET = 1969.
Correct answer: EEG. An EEG (electroencephalogram) records the brain’s electrical activity.
Background: Electrodes are placed on the scalp.
Did you know? EEG is used to diagnose epilepsy.
Memory trick: E for Encephalon (brain).
Correct answer: Water Softening. Water softening removes calcium and magnesium ions (the cause of hardness) from water.
Background: A common method is ion exchange.
Did you know? Hard water does not form lather easily with soap.
Memory trick: Hard water → soften.
Correct answer: Mass & Energy. E = mc² shows that mass and energy are equivalent and can be converted into each other.
Background: Here c is the speed of light.
Did you know? The equation explains the energy released in nuclear reactions.
Memory trick: E = energy, m = mass.
Correct answer: Paramecium. Paramecium has two nuclei: a large macronucleus and a small micronucleus.
Background: The macronucleus controls daily activities, and the micronucleus is used in reproduction.
Did you know? Paramecium moves with tiny hair-like cilia.
Memory trick: Para-mecium = a pair of nuclei.
Correct answer: Dispersion. A rainbow forms when sunlight is refracted, reflected, and dispersed (split into colours) by raindrops.
Background: Dispersion splits white light into its seven colours.
Did you know? The colours are remembered as VIBGYOR.
Memory trick: Rainbow = dispersion of light.
Correct answer: Vehicular and industrial emissions. Emissions from vehicles and industry are the main year-round cause of smog in Lahore.
Background: Smog forms when smoke and fog combine with pollutants.
Did you know? Lahore is often among the cities with the worst air quality in the world in winter.
Memory trick: Smog = smoke + fog.
Correct answer: Cow. A cow is an herbivore, which means it eats only plants.
Background: Herbivores usually have flat teeth for grinding.
Did you know? Animals that eat both plants and meat are omnivores.
Memory trick: Cow = grass-eater.
Correct answer: Both A & B. Traditional fans use electromagnets (induction motors), while modern BLDC fans use electromagnetic coils together with permanent magnets.
Background: BLDC stands for brushless direct current motor.
Did you know? BLDC fans use much less electricity.
Memory trick: Old fan = electromagnet; new fan = both.
Correct answer: Graham Bell. Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone in 1876.
Background: His first words on the telephone were reportedly “Mr. Watson, come here”.
Did you know? Bell’s patent was granted on 7 March 1876.
Memory trick: Bell → Telephone.
Correct answer: Mathematics. In common exam terms, mathematics is called the mother of all sciences because every science uses it.
Background: Mathematics is also called the “queen of the sciences”.
Did you know? Some authors give this title to philosophy instead.
Memory trick: All sciences use maths.
Correct answer: Diastrophism. Diastrophism is the large-scale deformation of the Earth’s crust, including folding, faulting, and mountain building.
Background: The word comes from the Greek diastrephein, meaning “to twist”.
Did you know? Orogenic movement is the type that builds mountains.
Memory trick: Diastrophism = crust movements.
Correct answer: Horsts. A horst is a raised block of land left between two faults.
Background: Horsts and grabens form where the Earth’s crust is stretched.
Did you know? Together they form block mountains and rift valleys.
Memory trick: Horst = high; Graben = sunk.
Correct answer: Long narrow sea inlet bordered by steep cliffs or mountains. A fjord is a long, narrow sea inlet with steep sides, usually carved by a glacier.
Background: Fjords are found in Norway, Chile, and New Zealand.
Did you know? The Geirangerfjord in Norway is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Memory trick: Fjord = glacier-carved sea inlet.
Correct answer: None of the above. The watershed between the Indus and Ganges systems is the low Delhi–Ambala divide, not a major mountain range.
Background: The divide lies on the plains between Delhi and Ambala.
Did you know? It is a very gentle ridge compared with the great mountain ranges.
Memory trick: Indus–Ganges divide = low plains ridge.
Correct answer: Indus. The Diamer-Bhasha Dam is being built on the Indus River in Gilgit-Baltistan.
Background: It is planned as a large storage dam for water and power.
Did you know? It is near Chilas on the Karakoram Highway.
Memory trick: Diamer = Indus.
Correct answer: Pope of the Catholic Church. Cardinal Robert Prevost was elected Pope Leo XIV on 8 May 2025.
Background: He is the first pope born in the United States.
Did you know? He succeeded Pope Francis, who died in April 2025.
Memory trick: Prevost → Leo XIV.
Correct answer: António Guterres. António Guterres of Portugal has been UN Secretary-General since 2017; his term ends on 31 December 2026.
Background: He is the ninth Secretary-General.
Did you know? The UN General Assembly appoints the Secretary-General on the Security Council’s recommendation.
Memory trick: Guterres = 9th SG.
Correct answer: Asad Ullah Khan. Capt. (Retd.) Asadullah Khan was appointed NHA chairman in November 2025.
Background: He succeeded Muhammad Sheheryar Sultan.
Did you know? The NHA was established in 1991.
Memory trick: NHA chairman (2026) = Asadullah Khan.
Correct answer: Nicolás Maduro. US forces captured Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro on 3 January 2026.
Background: Maduro had been president since 2013.
Did you know? He succeeded Hugo Chávez.
Memory trick: 3 Jan 2026 → Maduro.
Correct answer: 75%. UNESCO’s study found that about 73% of women journalists had experienced online violence, so 75% is the nearest option.
Background: The study was carried out with the International Center for Journalists.
Did you know? It was published in 2020 under the title “The Chilling”.
Memory trick: About three in four.
Correct answer: 63%. The Economic Survey 2025–26 reported Pakistan’s literacy rate at 63%.
Background: The rate covers the population aged 10 years and above.
Did you know? Literacy is higher among men than women in Pakistan.
Memory trick: Literacy 63%.
Correct answer: 8 bn. The world population passed 8 billion in November 2022, according to the UN.
Background: World Population Day is observed every year on 11 July.
Did you know? The UN observed the first World Population Day in 1990.
Memory trick: Now: 8 billion.
Correct answer: Basic Principles Committee. The Basic Principles Committee was formed in 1949 to recommend the principles of Pakistan’s constitution.
Background: It was formed after the Objectives Resolution of March 1949.
Did you know? Its first interim report was presented in September 1950.
Memory trick: 1949 Resolution → BPC.