Nadir Shah decisively defeated the Mughal army at the Battle of Karnal on February 13, 1739, leading to the collapse of Mughal power.

Indonesia declared its independence from Dutch colonial rule, often referred to as Holland, on August 17, 1945, after centuries of occupation.

Jang Group, one of Pakistan's oldest and largest media conglomerates, originated and is headquartered in Karachi, making it the correct city.

Correct Answer: 2002

The BlackBerry 5810, launched in 2002, is widely recognized as the first BlackBerry smartphone. It combined mobile phone functionality with email, messaging, web browsing, and personal digital assistant (PDA) features, making it one of the earliest smartphones designed for business users.

The confusion often arises because the BlackBerry 850 was introduced in 1999. However, it was a two-way pager and email device, not a smartphone, as it lacked built-in cellular voice calling.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect

• 1998: BlackBerry devices had not yet been introduced.
• 1999: The BlackBerry 850 pager was launched, but it was not a smartphone.
• 2000: No first BlackBerry smartphone was released in this year.
• 2002: Correct Answer. The BlackBerry 5810 became the first BlackBerry smartphone.

Exam Tip: For PPSC, FPSC, NTS, and computer knowledge examinations, remember the distinction:

• 1999: First BlackBerry device (BlackBerry 850 pager).
• 2002: First BlackBerry smartphone (BlackBerry 5810).

The Treaty of Sèvres, signed in 1920, was the peace treaty that formally partitioned and fragmented the Ottoman Empire after World War I.

China successfully completed and began operating the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), the world's largest radio telescope, in September 2016.

France, including its numerous overseas territories and departments, holds the record for spanning the most time zones globally, totaling twelve.

The official and widely recognized currency used throughout the country of Qatar for all transactions is the Qatari Riyal.

The Indus River originates in the Tibetan Plateau, near Lake Manasarovar, making Tibet the correct source region for its flow.

The 2017 session of the United Nations General Assembly was its 72nd session, held annually at the UN headquarters.

Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years, from 1964 to 1990, for his anti-apartheid activism in South Africa.

Google was founded by two individuals, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University.

Malala Yousafzai was 15 years old when she was shot by the Taliban in October 2012 for advocating for girls' education.

Pakistan hosts the International Defense Exhibition and Seminar (IDEAS) biennially, meaning the event takes place every two years since 2000.

In badminton, a standard game is played to 21 points, with the winning side needing a lead of at least two points.

The Soviet Union successfully tested its first nuclear bomb, known as "RDS-1," on August 29, 1949, marking a significant historical event.

ASIS, which stands for the Australian Secret Intelligence Service, is indeed the foreign intelligence agency of Australia.

The Russian Revolution, a pivotal period of political and social upheaval across the Russian Empire, famously began in the year 1917.

The Organization of American States (OAS) was established in 1948 to foster regional solidarity and cooperation among its member states in the Americas.

Albert Einstein, the celebrated theoretical physicist known for his theory of relativity, was born in Ulm, Germany, in 1879.

Imroze was the first daily Urdu newspaper published after the creation of Pakistan, playing a significant role in the country's early media landscape.

The Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire began in 1821, marking a crucial period in the nation's struggle for sovereignty.

According to clause 224 of the Constitution, elections for the national and provincial assemblies must be held within 60 days after their term expires.

Rafflesia arnoldii, commonly known as the corpse flower, holds the distinction of being the largest individual flower in the world.