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According to Tyler’s rationale, curriculum developers should first ask:

A. Which textbooks are cheapest?

B. What educational purposes should the school seek to attain?

C. How many students are enrolled?

D. Which examination board should be selected?

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The Tyler model is also known as the:

A. Objectives model

B. Interaction model

C. Administrative model

D. Grassroots model

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The primary purpose of curriculum evaluation is to:

A. Eliminate all examinations

B. Determine curriculum effectiveness and identify improvements

C. Increase the number of textbooks only

D. Select school uniforms

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The implementation phase mainly involves:

A. Putting the planned curriculum into classroom practice

B. Writing only the school's mission statement

C. Closing the academic year

D. Replacing all educational objectives

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During the content and methods phase, curriculum developers primarily decide:

A. School building locations

B. What learners should study and how it should be taught

C. Teachers' retirement dates

D. Students' admission fees

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During curriculum planning, the primary concern is to:

A. Identify educational needs and objectives

B. Conduct the final examination

C. Distribute certificates

D. Measure teacher attendance

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Which phase generally comes first in the curriculum development process?

A. Evaluation

B. Implementation

C. Planning

D. Reporting

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A pilot study is conducted before the main investigation primarily to:

A. Guarantee statistically significant results

B. Identify weaknesses in instruments and procedures

C. Replace the final sample

D. Prove the research hypothesis

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Extreme scores tend to become less extreme when participants are tested again. This phenomenon is:

A. Regression to the mean

B. Observer bias

C. Instrumentation

D. Selection maturation

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A result is statistically significant at p < .05. Which interpretation is most accurate?

A. The research hypothesis has a 95% probability of being true.

B. The effect must be practically important.

C. The observed result would be relatively unlikely under the null hypothesis, assuming the statistical model.

D. The sample necessarily represents the population.

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A researcher combines classroom observations, interviews, and achievement records to investigate instructional quality. This strengthens the study through:

A. Triangulation

B. Random assignment

C. Experimental control

D. Homogeneous sampling

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A pretest influences students’ performance on a subsequent posttest. This threat to internal validity is called:

A. Testing effect

B. Maturation

C. Instrumentation

D. History

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A researcher interviews teachers until additional interviews produce no substantially new themes. This point is known as:

A. Statistical power

B. Theoretical saturation

C. Regression to the mean

D. Randomization

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The effect of teaching method on achievement differs depending on students’ prior ability. Prior ability functions as a:

A. Mediator

B. Moderator

C. Criterion variable

D. Sampling unit

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A researcher examines whether motivation explains the relationship between teacher feedback and academic achievement. Motivation is a:

A. Moderator

B. Mediator

C. Control variable

D. Dependent variable

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In a quasi-experimental study, intact classrooms are assigned different teaching methods. The principal concern is:

A. Selection differences between groups

B. Absence of a research hypothesis

C. Random sampling error

D. Lack of a dependent variable

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A researcher randomly assigns students to two teaching methods. Random assignment primarily helps to:

A. Guarantee generalizability

B. Reduce pre-existing group differences

C. Eliminate all measurement errors

D. Increase the population size

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A study investigates the relationship between study hours and examination marks without manipulating either variable. It is primarily:

A. Experimental

B. Correlational

C. Ethnographic

D. Historical

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A researcher selects every 20th name from a student register after randomly choosing the first name. The sampling method is:

A. Cluster sampling

B. Stratified sampling

C. Systematic sampling

D. Purposive sampling

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Cronbach’s alpha is commonly used to examine:

A. Predictive accuracy

B. Internal consistency reliability

C. External validity

D. Sampling adequacy

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A researcher administers the same questionnaire to the same participants twice and obtains highly consistent results. This primarily assesses:

A. Split-half reliability

B. Test-retest reliability

C. Inter-rater reliability

D. Content validity

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Two independent raters assign nearly identical scores to students’ essays using the same rubric. This indicates high:

A. Inter-rater reliability

B. Predictive validity

C. Content validity

D. Internal validity

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A researcher claims that a test measures critical thinking, but its items mainly assess memorization. Which validity is most directly questioned?

A. Construct validity

B. Sampling validity

C. External validity

D. Statistical conclusion validity

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An aptitude test successfully predicts students’ academic performance two years later. This demonstrates:

A. Content validity

B. Concurrent validity

C. Predictive validity

D. Internal validity