Correct answer: From the inside. Simulations place students inside a realistic situation, so they experience a subject from the inside.

• From outside: Learning from outside describes passive observation, not simulation.
• From the help of pens: Using pens is unrelated to the advantage of simulation.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because learning from the inside is correct.

Correct answer: Humanistic psychology. Humanistic psychology (Maslow, Rogers) stresses the growth potential and self-actualization of healthy people.

• Cognitive neuroscience: Cognitive neuroscience studies the brain basis of mental processes.
• Structuralism: Structuralism analysed the basic elements of consciousness.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because humanistic psychology is correct.

Correct answer: Philosophy. Psychology grew out of philosophy (questions about mind and knowledge) and physiology (the study of the body and senses).

• Anatomy: Anatomy studies body structure and was not the other main root.
• Logic: Logic is a branch of philosophy and not the other main root.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because philosophy is correct.

Correct answer: Stimulants. Stimulant medications are most often used to treat hyperactivity in conditions such as ADHD, because they improve attention and self-control.

• Vitamins: Vitamins do not treat hyperactivity.
• Tranquilizers: Tranquilizers are sedatives and are not the usual medication for hyperactivity.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because stimulants are correct.

Correct answer: Accommodation. In Piaget’s theory, accommodation is changing existing schemas to fit a new situation or information.

• Learning: Learning is a broad term and not the specific process described.
• Solution: Solution means the answer to a problem.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because accommodation is correct.

Correct answer: Creating. In the revised Bloom’s taxonomy, creating (producing something new) sits at the top of the cognitive domain.

• Understanding: Understanding is a lower-order skill.
• Remembering: Remembering is the lowest level.
• Evaluating: Evaluating is the second-highest level in the revised taxonomy (it was the highest in the original 1956 version).

Correct answer: Recommended, are. “Books” is plural, so the main verb must be “are”, and “recommended” fits the relative clause.

• Recommends, is: “Is” does not agree with the plural “books”.
• Recommended, was: “Was” does not agree with the plural “books”, and the sentence is stated in the present.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because the third option is correct.

Correct answer: Is. The sentence states a general truth, so the simple present “is” is correct.

• Were: “Were” does not agree with the singular subject “it” here.
• Was: “Was” is past tense, but a general truth takes the present tense.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because “is” is correct.

Correct answer: Digging, found. “While digging” introduces a past event, and “found” is the matching simple past verb.

• Digging, finding: “Finding” is not a finite verb, so the sentence has no main verb.
• Digging, is finding: “Is finding” is present continuous and does not match the past event.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because the first option is correct.

Correct answer: None of these. None of the given pairs is grammatically correct. A plural subject takes “enjoy”, and both verbs must share the same tense: either “enjoyed … made” or “enjoy … make”.

• Enjoy, made: “Enjoy, made” mixes present and past tense.
• Enjoys, make: “Enjoys” does not agree with the plural subject “travelers”.
• Enjoys, making: “Enjoys” does not agree with the plural subject, and “making” leaves the second clause without a finite verb.

Correct answer: Looking, was amused. The participle “Looking” opens the sentence, and Alia is the one who received the feeling, so the passive “was amused” is correct.

• Looking, has amused: “Has amused” is active, which would mean Alia amused the photographs.
• Looks, amused: “Looks” does not work as an opening participial phrase, and “amused” is active.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because the second option is correct.

Correct answer: With. The adjective “contented” takes the preposition “with”.

• At: “Contented at” is not a correct combination.
• Of: “Contented of” is not a correct combination.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because “with” is correct.

Correct answer: Of. The adjective “ignorant” takes the preposition “of”.

• In: “Ignorant in” is not a correct combination.
• At: “Ignorant at” is not a correct combination.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because “of” is correct.

Correct answer: To. The noun “access” takes the preposition “to”.

• In: “Access in” is not a correct combination.
• Of: “Access of” is not a correct combination.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because “to” is correct.

Correct answer: To. The verb “adhere” is followed by “to”.

• With: “Adhere with” is not a correct combination.
• At: “Adhere at” is not a correct combination.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because “to” is correct.

Correct answer: Hypothesis. A hypothesis is a tentative statement to be tested, not a research design.

• Experimental: Experimental is a research design.
• Descriptive: Descriptive is a research design.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because “hypothesis” is not a design.

Correct answer: Flexible. A good curriculum is flexible so it can adapt to learners’ needs, local conditions, and social change.

• Rigid: A rigid curriculum cannot adapt to change.
• Fixed: A fixed curriculum cannot adapt to learners’ differing needs.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because flexibility is a characteristic of a good curriculum.

Correct answer: Experimental. In experimental research, the researcher manipulates the independent variable to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

• Basic: Basic research aims at theory and knowledge and does not require manipulating variables.
• Applied: Applied research aims at practical solutions and does not require manipulation.
• Action: Action research aims at solving classroom problems and does not primarily manipulate variables under control.

Correct answer: Sympathy. A good counselor shows sympathy and caring understanding so that clients feel accepted and supported.

• Indifference: Indifference makes clients feel ignored and damages trust.
• Judgmental attitude: A judgmental attitude makes clients unwilling to open up.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because sympathy is a good quality.

Correct answer: Numbers. Quantitative research collects and analyses numerical data.

• Words: Words are the main data in qualitative research.
• Opinions: Opinions are usually collected in qualitative research or surveys and are not the defining form of quantitative data.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because numbers are the correct answer.

Correct answer: Phenomenology Research. Phenomenological research studies people’s lived experiences and how they make sense of them.

• Experimental Research: Experimental research tests cause and effect under controlled conditions.
• Quantitative Research: Quantitative research deals with numerical data.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because phenomenology is correct.

Correct answer: Collect data. Sampling is the process of selecting a part of the population from which data will be collected.

• Analyze data: Analysing data happens after data have been collected.
• Interpret data: Interpreting data happens after analysis.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because sampling relates to collecting data.

Correct answer: Ignore. To stipulate is to specify or demand something as a condition, so “ignore” is its opposite.

• Decrease: Decrease means to reduce and is not the opposite of specifying a condition.
• Contact: Contact means to get in touch, which is unrelated.
• None of the above: “None of the above” is incorrect because “ignore” is an antonym.

Correct answer: Competent. Creating interest in a subject shows professional skill and effectiveness, which is competence.

• Authoritative: Authoritative suggests control or expert command, not creating interest.
• Commanding: Commanding suggests giving orders, which does not create interest.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because “competent” fits.

Correct answer: Honorable. Sleazy describes something morally low or disreputable, so “honorable” is its opposite.

• Dishonest: Dishonest is similar in meaning to sleazy.
• Corrupt: Corrupt is similar in meaning to sleazy.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because “honorable” is an antonym.