Correct answer: Headworks. Canals take off from headworks, which control the diversion of river water.

Background: A headwork is a structure on a river, such as a barrage or weir, that raises the water level so it can be diverted into canals.

• Barrage: A barrage is one structure within headworks, while canals originate from the headworks as a whole.
• Dam: A dam stores water in a reservoir.
• Bridge: A bridge carries traffic across a river.

Did you know? Pakistan’s Sukkur Barrage (completed in 1932) feeds one of the largest irrigation systems in the world.

Memory trick: Head of the canal = headworks.

Correct answer: Energy sector. The energy sector (fuel burning for power, industry, and transport) is Pakistan’s largest source of greenhouse gas emissions.

Background: Burning coal, oil, and gas for electricity, industry, and transport releases carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas.

• Deforestation: Deforestation contributes, but less than the energy sector.
• Glaciers: Glaciers do not emit greenhouse gases.
• Vehicles: Vehicles are only one part of the energy sector.

Did you know? Pakistan contributes less than 1% of global emissions but is among the countries most vulnerable to climate change.

Memory trick: Burn fuel → CO₂ → Energy sector.

Correct answer: Radcliffe Commission. The Radcliffe Commission, headed by Sir Cyril Radcliffe, drew the boundary line.

Background: Sir Cyril Radcliffe chaired the Punjab and Bengal Boundary Commissions. His award was made public on 17 August 1947, two days after independence.

• Mountbatten Commission: Lord Mountbatten was the Viceroy, not the head of the boundary commission.
• Hindu Jurists: Hindu jurists did not demarcate the boundary.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because the Radcliffe Commission is correct.

Did you know? He had never visited India before and had only about five weeks to draw the line.

Memory trick: Radcliffe Line = the India–Pakistan border.

Correct answer: 28 Sep 1950. The Basic Principles Committee presented its first interim report on 28 September 1950.

Background: The Basic Principles Committee was set up after the Objectives Resolution of March 1949 to recommend constitutional principles.

• 24 March 1950: 24 March 1950 is not the date.
• 25 April 1950: 25 April 1950 is not the date.
• 18 August 1950: 18 August 1950 is not the date.

Did you know? Its first report proposed a two-house federal legislature and drew objections, especially from East Bengal.

Memory trick: Objectives Resolution (1949) → BPC → first report 28 September 1950.

Correct answer: 19–24%. Agriculture contributes roughly one-fifth to one-quarter of Pakistan’s GDP, about 24% in the Economic Survey 2024–25.

Background: Agriculture is a mainstay of Pakistan’s economy, supplying about a quarter of GDP and food and raw materials for industry.

• 15–18%: 15–18% is lower than the actual share.
• 9–11%: 9–11% is far lower than the actual share.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because 19–24% is correct.

Did you know? It employs roughly 37% of the labour force. Wheat is the main food crop and cotton the main cash crop.

Memory trick: Agriculture ≈ one-fourth (about 24%) of GDP.

Correct answer: Jasmine. The jasmine (Jasminum officinale) is Pakistan’s national flower.

Background: The jasmine, locally called chambeli, is valued for its fragrance and symbolizes purity.

• Red Rose: The red rose is not the national flower.
• Sunflower: The sunflower is not the national flower.
• Tulip: The tulip is not the national flower.

Did you know? Other national symbols are the markhor (animal), chukar (bird), and deodar (tree).

Memory trick: Jasmine = chambeli; Markhor, Chukar, Deodar.

Correct answer: All of these. Gwadar supports trade, shipping, and regional development including education and training institutions.

Background: Gwadar is a deep-sea port on the Arabian Sea in Balochistan and a key project of CPEC.

• Education: Education is only one of its purposes.
• Trade: Trade is only one of its purposes.
• Shipping: Shipping is only one of its purposes.

Did you know? Pakistan acquired Gwadar from Oman in 1958.

Memory trick: Gwadar = Gateway for trade and shipping.

Correct answer: 3. The treaty gave Pakistan the three western rivers: Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab.

Background: The Indus Waters Treaty was signed in Karachi on 19 September 1960 with the World Bank’s help. The three eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) went to India and the three western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) to Pakistan.

• 2: Two is fewer than the three western rivers.
• 4: Four is more than the three western rivers.
• 5: Five is more than the three western rivers.

Did you know? In April 2025, India announced that it was holding the treaty in abeyance, a move Pakistan rejected.

Memory trick: Western rivers → Pakistan: I-J-C (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab).

Correct answer: Zafar Ali Khan. Maulana Zafar Ali Khan translated the Lahore (Pakistan) Resolution into Urdu.

Background: Maulana Zafar Ali Khan was a journalist, poet, and editor of the Lahore newspaper Zamindar. He translated the Lahore Resolution into Urdu.

• Qazi Faiz: Qazi Faiz did not translate the resolution.
• Khaliq-u-Zaman: Khaliq-uz-Zaman seconded the resolution.
• Aurangzeb: Aurangzeb was a Mughal emperor and has no connection with it.

Did you know? He was an important voice of the Pakistan Movement.

Memory trick: Zafar → Zamindar newspaper → Urdu translation.