Which step is generally associated with the beginning of Taba’s model?
Taba begins with diagnosing learner needs.
Taba begins with diagnosing learner needs.
Wheeler's model is cyclical, allowing feedback and revision.
Backward design starts with desired results or outcomes, then assessments, then learning activities.
Implementation is actual classroom use of the curriculum.
Formative evaluation occurs during development or implementation to improve the curriculum.
Tyler's elements are objectives, learning experiences, organization of learning experiences, and evaluation; content organization is not one of them.
The content and methods phase deals with subject matter selection and instructional approaches.
Implementation is the actual delivery and enactment of the curriculum in classrooms.
Evaluation judges effectiveness and informs revision and improvement.
Tyler's rationale is objectives-centered; it starts with educational purposes and objectives.
Tyler's first question concerns educational purposes and objectives.
Triangulation uses multiple data sources or methods to strengthen credibility.
A p-value is the probability of obtaining results at least as extreme as observed, assuming the null hypothesis and model are true; it is not the probability the hypothesis is true.
Regression to the mean is the statistical tendency for extreme scores to move closer to the average on retesting.
Pilot studies test feasibility, instruments, and procedures before the full study.
Curriculum development begins with planning, including needs assessment and objective setting.
Planning focuses on identifying needs and formulating educational objectives.
Quasi-experimental designs lack random assignment, so pre-existing group differences threaten internal validity.
A mediator explains or accounts for the relationship between predictor and outcome.
A moderator changes the strength or direction of the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
Theoretical saturation occurs when new data no longer generate new insights or themes.
The pretest itself can sensitize or provide practice, affecting posttest performance; this is the testing effect.
No manipulation occurs; the researcher examines an association between variables, so it is correlational.