Correct answer: 25–45%. A diesel engine converts about 25–45% of fuel energy into useful work.
Background: Diesel engines are generally more efficient than petrol engines.
Did you know? Large diesel engines are the more efficient ones.
Memory trick: Diesel: 25–45%.
Correct answer: 746 Watts. 1 horsepower is equal to about 746 watts.
Background: Horsepower was introduced by James Watt to compare engines with horses.
Did you know? The unit of power in the SI system is the watt.
Memory trick: 1 HP = 746 W.
Correct answer: All nucleated cells. Class I HLA (MHC-I) molecules are found on almost all cells that have a nucleus.
Background: HLA stands for Human Leukocyte Antigen.
Did you know? They help the immune system recognise infected cells.
Memory trick: Class I = all nucleated cells.
Correct answer: Ada Lovelace. Ada Lovelace wrote the first algorithm for Babbage’s Analytical Engine in the 1840s.
Background: She was the daughter of the poet Lord Byron.
Did you know? The programming language Ada is named after her.
Memory trick: Ada = first programmer.
Correct answer: Switch. A switch connects multiple computers in a network and forwards data to the right device.
Background: Switches are used in local area networks.
Did you know? A hub is a simpler device that sends data to all ports.
Memory trick: Switch = connects many computers.
Correct answer: Arabian Sea. The Makran coast lies along the Arabian Sea in Balochistan.
Background: Gwadar, Pasni, and Ormara are on the Makran coast.
Did you know? The coast extends into Iran.
Memory trick: Makran = Arabian Sea.
Correct answer: Durand Line. The Durand Line is the boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Background: It was agreed in 1893.
Did you know? It is about 2,640 km long.
Memory trick: Durand = Afghanistan.
Correct answer: Prenatal Scanning. Ultrasound is widely used for prenatal scanning (checking an unborn baby).
Background: Ultrasound waves have frequencies above 20,000 Hz.
Did you know? Bats and dolphins use ultrasound to find objects.
Memory trick: Ultrasound scan = baby scan.
Correct answer: 4.5 billion years. The Earth is about 4.5 billion years old.
Background: Scientists measure the age by dating very old rocks and meteorites.
Did you know? The universe is about 13.8 billion years old.
Memory trick: Earth ≈ 4.5 billion years.
Correct answer: Cheetah. The cheetah is the fastest land animal, reaching about 100 km/h in short bursts.
Background: It can accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h in about three seconds.
Did you know? The cheetah can keep this speed for only a short distance.
Memory trick: Cheetah = fastest on land.
Correct answer: Zero. At the Earth’s centre the gravitational pulls from all sides cancel out, so the weight is zero.
Background: Weight is the force of gravity on an object.
Did you know? Mass stays the same, but weight becomes zero.
Memory trick: Centre of Earth = zero weight.
Correct answer: Chenab. Trimmu Barrage is on the Chenab River near the Chenab–Jhelum confluence.
Background: It is located in Jhang District, Punjab.
Did you know? It was built in 1939.
Memory trick: Trimmu = Chenab.
Correct answer: Nepal. Nepal is a landlocked country in South Asia.
Background: South Asia’s landlocked countries are Nepal, Bhutan, and Afghanistan.
Did you know? Nepal contains Mount Everest’s southern side.
Memory trick: Nepal = South Asia + no sea.
Correct answer: Barrister Sultan Mahmood Chaudhry. Barrister Sultan Mahmood Chaudhry, President of AJK since 2021, died on 31 January 2026 after a prolonged illness.
Background: He had also served as Prime Minister of AJK from 1996 to 2001.
Did you know? He was laid to rest with full state honours in Chechian, Mirpur.
Memory trick: Jan 2026: Barrister Sultan.
Correct answer: 600–900 m. The Balochistan Plateau has an average height of about 600–900 metres.
Background: Some parts, such as the Quetta region, are higher.
Did you know? Balochistan is Pakistan’s largest province by area.
Memory trick: Plateau: 600–900 m.
Correct answer: Iron. Iron ore deposits are found at Chiniot in Punjab.
Background: The deposits are in the Rajoa and Chiniot area.
Did you know? Chiniot is also famous for its wooden furniture.
Memory trick: Chiniot = iron.
Correct answer: Ayub Khan. Ayub Khan introduced the Basic Democracies system in 1959.
Background: It had four tiers, from union councils up to divisional councils.
Did you know? About 80,000 Basic Democrats formed the electoral college.
Memory trick: BD = Ayub (1959).
Correct answer: Islamic culture. Pakistan’s culture is mostly Islamic, shaped by its religion, language, and traditions.
Background: Pakistan was created as a homeland for the Muslims of the subcontinent.
Did you know? Urdu and the regional languages contain many Persian and Arabic words.
Memory trick: Pakistan = Islamic identity.
Correct answer: Dr Usman Anwar. Dr Usman Anwar, formerly the IG of Punjab Police, was appointed Director General of the FIA on 3 February 2026.
Background: He had been Punjab’s IG from January 2023 to February 2026.
Did you know? FIA stands for Federal Investigation Agency.
Memory trick: FIA DG (2026) = Dr Usman Anwar.
Correct answer: Kamran Khan Mulakhail. Justice Muhammad Kamran Khan Mulakhail took oath as Chief Justice of the Balochistan High Court in December 2025.
Background: He had been acting Chief Justice since late 2025.
Did you know? The oath was administered by Governor Jaffar Khan Mandokhail.
Memory trick: BHC CJ = Mulakhail.
Correct answer: 24th. Pakistan’s Extended Fund Facility of about $7 billion, approved in 2024, is its 24th IMF programme.
Background: The programme aims at economic stability and reforms.
Did you know? Pakistan joined the IMF in 1950.
Memory trick: Current IMF programme = 24th.
Correct answer: Zahid Hussain. Zahid Hussain was the first Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan.
Background: The State Bank began operations on 1 July 1948, and Jinnah inaugurated it.
Did you know? The State Bank’s headquarters is in Karachi.
Memory trick: SBP first governor = Zahid Hussain.
Correct answer: Harry S. Truman. Harry S. Truman was US President from 1945 to 1953, which includes August 1947.
Background: Truman also ordered the use of atomic bombs in 1945.
Did you know? Truman succeeded Roosevelt.
Memory trick: 1947 → Truman.
Correct answer: Ayub Khan. Ayub Khan wrote “Friends Not Masters” (1967), an autobiography.
Background: The title refers to Pakistan’s wish to deal with the USA as an equal friend.
Did you know? It was first published in London.
Memory trick: Ayub = Friends Not Masters.
Correct answer: Simla Agreement. The Simla Agreement was signed in July 1972 by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Indira Gandhi.
Background: It set the Line of Control in Kashmir and committed both countries to bilateral talks.
Did you know? The prisoners of war were returned in 1973.
Memory trick: 1971 war → Simla 1972.