FPSC SST Past paper 2024

Correct answer: Andragogy. Andragogy is the art and science of helping adults learn.

• Strategy: Strategy is a plan of action and not a term for teaching adults.
• Pedagogy: Pedagogy refers to teaching children.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because andragogy is correct.

Correct answer: Maxims of teaching. Maxims of teaching, such as “from known to unknown” and “simple to complex”, are guiding rules that make content easier to understand.

• Methods of teaching: Methods of teaching are overall approaches to instruction.
• Techniques of teaching: Techniques of teaching are specific devices a teacher uses within a method.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because maxims of teaching is correct.

Correct answer: Line authority. Line authority is the direct power a superior has over subordinates to give orders and make decisions.

• Unity of command: Unity of command means each employee reports to one superior.
• Control: Control means monitoring performance against standards.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because line authority is correct.

Correct answer: These are always tested. A hypothesis is a tentative statement that is tested, and the evidence may support or reject it.

• Hypotheses are always proved: Hypotheses are not always proved; many are rejected.
• These are merely happy accidents: Hypotheses are reasoned statements, not accidents.
• Facts may be collected to prove hypothesis: Facts are collected to test a hypothesis, not simply to prove it.

Correct answer: Action research. Action research is done in the classroom by teachers to solve practical problems.

• Basic research: Basic research aims at general knowledge and theory.
• Both action and basic research: Basic research is not classroom-based, so the combined option is incorrect.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because action research is correct.

Correct answer: Theism. Theism is belief in the existence of God, commonly in a single personal God who is involved with the world.

• Atheism: Atheism is the denial of any God.
• Deism: Deism holds that a creator exists but does not intervene, so it is not the general term for belief in a single God.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because theism is correct.

Correct answer: Amygdala. The amygdala processes emotions such as fear and anger.

• Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus regulates hunger, thirst, temperature, and hormones.
• Hippocampus: The hippocampus is mainly involved in forming memories.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because the amygdala is correct.

Correct answer: Empiricism. Empiricism holds that knowledge comes from sensory experience.

• Poetry: Poetry is a form of literature, not an epistemological view.
• Functionalism: Functionalism is a school of psychology focused on the purposes of mental processes.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because empiricism is correct.

Correct answer: With. The verb “endow” takes the preposition “with”.

• Of: “Endowed of” is not a correct combination.
• At: “Endowed at” is not a correct combination.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because “with” is correct.

Correct answer: Trait theory. Trait theory holds that leaders have inborn qualities that distinguish them from non-leaders.

• Contingency theory: Contingency theory says effective leadership depends on the situation.
• Idealism: Idealism is a philosophy, not a leadership theory.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because trait theory is correct.

Correct answer: Headmaster. A teacher works under the headmaster, who supervises and evaluates the teacher’s daily work.

• DEO: The DEO is a district-level officer above the headmaster.
• Parents: Parents are stakeholders, not the teacher’s supervisors.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because the headmaster is correct.

Correct answer: Sampling. Sampling is the process of selecting individuals from a population for a study.

• Variety: Variety means diversity and is not a research process.
• Procedure: Procedure is a general term for steps.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because sampling is correct.

Correct answer: Reliability. Reliability means consistency: a reliable test gives similar results when repeated under similar conditions.

• Clients: Clients are people receiving a service and are not a test quality.
• Trials: Trials are attempts or tests and are not a test quality.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because reliability is correct.

Correct answer: Creating. In the revised Bloom’s taxonomy, creating (producing something new) sits at the top of the cognitive domain.

• Understanding: Understanding is a lower-order skill.
• Remembering: Remembering is the lowest level.
• Evaluating: Evaluating is the second-highest level in the revised taxonomy (it was the highest in the original 1956 version).

Correct answer: Accommodation. In Piaget’s theory, accommodation is changing existing schemas to fit a new situation or information.

• Learning: Learning is a broad term and not the specific process described.
• Solution: Solution means the answer to a problem.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because accommodation is correct.

Correct answer: Stimulants. Stimulant medications are most often used to treat hyperactivity in conditions such as ADHD, because they improve attention and self-control.

• Vitamins: Vitamins do not treat hyperactivity.
• Tranquilizers: Tranquilizers are sedatives and are not the usual medication for hyperactivity.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because stimulants are correct.

Correct answer: Philosophy. Psychology grew out of philosophy (questions about mind and knowledge) and physiology (the study of the body and senses).

• Anatomy: Anatomy studies body structure and was not the other main root.
• Logic: Logic is a branch of philosophy and not the other main root.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because philosophy is correct.

Correct answer: Humanistic psychology. Humanistic psychology (Maslow, Rogers) stresses the growth potential and self-actualization of healthy people.

• Cognitive neuroscience: Cognitive neuroscience studies the brain basis of mental processes.
• Structuralism: Structuralism analysed the basic elements of consciousness.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because humanistic psychology is correct.

Correct answer: From the inside. Simulations place students inside a realistic situation, so they experience a subject from the inside.

• From outside: Learning from outside describes passive observation, not simulation.
• From the help of pens: Using pens is unrelated to the advantage of simulation.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because learning from the inside is correct.

Correct answer: Is. The sentence states a general truth, so the simple present “is” is correct.

• Were: “Were” does not agree with the singular subject “it” here.
• Was: “Was” is past tense, but a general truth takes the present tense.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because “is” is correct.

Correct answer: Recommended, are. “Books” is plural, so the main verb must be “are”, and “recommended” fits the relative clause.

• Recommends, is: “Is” does not agree with the plural “books”.
• Recommended, was: “Was” does not agree with the plural “books”, and the sentence is stated in the present.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because the third option is correct.

Correct answer: Hypothesis. A hypothesis is a tentative statement to be tested, not a research design.

• Experimental: Experimental is a research design.
• Descriptive: Descriptive is a research design.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because “hypothesis” is not a design.

Correct answer: To. The verb “adhere” is followed by “to”.

• With: “Adhere with” is not a correct combination.
• At: “Adhere at” is not a correct combination.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because “to” is correct.

Correct answer: To. The noun “access” takes the preposition “to”.

• In: “Access in” is not a correct combination.
• Of: “Access of” is not a correct combination.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because “to” is correct.

Correct answer: Of. The adjective “ignorant” takes the preposition “of”.

• In: “Ignorant in” is not a correct combination.
• At: “Ignorant at” is not a correct combination.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because “of” is correct.