Pak Study Mcqs

Correct answer: 50% overall. Under the updated 2021 NDC pledge for 2030, Pakistan committed to a 50% overall reduction in projected GHG emissions (15% using national resources unconditionally, and 35% conditional upon international financial support).

Background: NDCs are climate action plans submitted under the 2015 Paris Agreement.

• 60% / 70% / 80%: Exceed the target specified in the 2021 NDC framework.

Did you know? Pakistan contributes less than 1% to global greenhouse gas emissions yet remains highly vulnerable to climate change.

Memory trick: 2021 NDC = 50% by 2030 (15% self + 35% help).

Correct answer: Pakistan. Pakistan became the first Muslim country with nuclear weapons after its tests in May 1998.

Background: The tests were carried out at Chagai on 28 and 30 May 1998.

• Turkey: Turkey does not have nuclear weapons.
• Iran: Iran does not have nuclear weapons.
• Egypt: Egypt does not have nuclear weapons.

Did you know? 28 May is observed as Youm-e-Takbeer.

Memory trick: First Muslim nuclear power = Pakistan.

Correct answer: Quaid-e-Azam. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah led the Muslim League in accepting the Cabinet Mission Plan on 6 June 1946.

Background: The plan proposed a loose united India with three groups of provinces.

• Allama Iqbal: Allama Iqbal died in 1938.
• Sir Syed: Sir Syed died in 1898.
• Liaqat Ali: Liaqat Ali Khan was a League leader but the acceptance was announced by Jinnah.

Did you know? Jinnah withdrew the acceptance in July 1946 after statements by Congress leaders.

Memory trick: Cabinet Mission 1946 → Jinnah accepts.

Correct answer: 2nd. Gwadar is described as the second monument of Pakistan–China friendship, after the Karakoram Highway.

Background: The Karakoram Highway is considered the first great symbol of the friendship.

• 4th: Fourth is not the usual ranking.
• 5th: Fifth is not the usual ranking.
• 6th: Sixth is not the usual ranking.

Did you know? Gwadar is the flagship port of CPEC.

Memory trick: 1st KKH, 2nd Gwadar.

Correct answer: Ravi. The Ravi is the most polluted river because of industrial and sewage waste, especially around Lahore.

Background: The Ravi flows past Lahore, one of Pakistan’s largest industrial cities.

• Indus: The Indus is much larger and less polluted.
• Jhelum: The Jhelum is less polluted.
• Sutlej: The Sutlej is polluted, but the Ravi is the most polluted.

Did you know? Much of the Ravi’s flow comes from drains and wastewater.

Memory trick: Ravi + Lahore factories.

Correct answer: Cash crop. Cotton is a cash crop, meaning it is grown to be sold rather than eaten.

Background: Pakistan is among the world’s largest cotton producers.

• Textile crop: Cotton is a raw material for textiles, but its crop category is cash crop.
• Food crop: Cotton is not a food crop.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because cash crop is correct.

Did you know? Cotton is often called “white gold”.

Memory trick: Cotton = cash crop.

Correct answer: Tubewell. Groundwater extracted via tubewells supplies the majority of agricultural water requirement in Punjab, surpassing canal irrigation volume during critical crop seasons.

Background: While canals form the primary surface network, private and public tubewells account for over 50-60% of water applied at the farm gate.

• Canal: Forms the largest surface gravity-fed network.
• Rainfall: Highly seasonal and insufficient for intensive cropping.
• Karez: Traditional subterranean canal system used predominantly in Balochistan.

Did you know? Over 1 million tubewells operate across Punjab.

Memory trick: Groundwater extraction = Tubewells.

Correct answer: 1991. The National Highway Authority (NHA) was established in 1991.

Background: It plans, builds, and maintains the national highways and motorways.

• 2001: 2001 is not the year.
• 2007: 2007 is not the year.
• 2011: 2011 is not the year.

Did you know? Its headquarters is in Islamabad.

Memory trick: NHA = 1991.

Correct answer: Islamabad. The shrine of Bari Imam (Shah Abdul Latif Kazmi) is at Noorpur Shahan in Islamabad.

Background: Bari Imam is regarded as the patron saint of Islamabad.

• Lahore: Lahore is known for Data Darbar.
• Karachi: Karachi is known for Abdullah Shah Ghazi’s shrine.
• Multan: Multan is known for the shrines of Bahauddin Zakariya and Shah Rukn-e-Alam.

Did you know? His Urs draws large crowds every year.

Memory trick: Bari Imam = Islamabad.

Correct answer: Congress. The Congress accepted Lord Mountbatten as Governor-General of India; the Muslim League did not accept a joint Governor-General.

Background: Mountbatten had hoped to be Governor-General of both dominions.

• Muslim League: The Muslim League rejected a joint Governor-General, and Jinnah became Governor-General of Pakistan.
• Majlis Ahrar: Majlis Ahrar did not accept the offer.
• Akali Dal: Akali Dal did not accept the offer.

Did you know? Jinnah took the post of Governor-General of Pakistan himself.

Memory trick: Jinnah refused; Congress accepted.

Correct answer: Durand Line. The Durand Line marks the Pakistan–Afghanistan border and was agreed in 1893.

Background: It is named after Sir Mortimer Durand, who agreed it with Amir Abdur Rahman Khan.

• Radcliffe Line: The Radcliffe Line is the India–Pakistan border.
• Mac Mohan Line: The McMahon Line is the India–China boundary line in the east.
• Ceasefire Line: The ceasefire line is in Kashmir.

Did you know? It is about 2,640 km long, and Afghanistan has not formally accepted it.

Memory trick: Durand = Afghan border.

Correct answer: 3. Three Round Table Conferences were held in London, in 1930, 1931, and 1932.

Background: They were called to discuss India’s constitutional future after the Simon Commission.

• 1: More than one conference was held.
• 2: Two is fewer than the actual number.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because three is correct.

Did you know? The Congress took part only in the second conference (Gandhi, 1931).

Memory trick: RTCs: 1930, 1931, 1932 = 3.

Correct answer: George VI. George VI reigned from 1936 to 1952, so he was king at the time of partition in 1947.

Background: He was the last Emperor of India until the title was dropped in 1948.

• George V: George V died in 1936.
• Victoria: Queen Victoria died in 1901.
• Atlee: Clement Attlee was the Prime Minister, not the monarch.

Did you know? He was the father of Queen Elizabeth II.

Memory trick: 1947 → George VI.

Correct answer: Sir Syed. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan wrote Asbab-e-Baghawat-e-Hind in 1859 about the causes of the 1857 revolt.

Background: Sir Syed argued that the British had failed to understand Indian opinion.

• Ch. Rehmat Ali: Ch. Rehmat Ali coined the name “Pakistan”.
• Abu al Kalam: Abul Kalam Azad is known for Al-Hilal and India Wins Freedom.
• Shibli Noumani: Shibli Nomani wrote Seerat-un-Nabi.

Did you know? He also wrote “The Loyal Mohammadans of India”.

Memory trick: Asbab-e-Baghawat = Sir Syed.

Correct answer: Thal. The Thal Desert lies in Punjab between the Indus and Jhelum rivers.

Background: Irrigation, such as the Thal Canal, has turned parts of it into farmland.

• Thar: Thar is in Sindh and Rajasthan, in the south-east.
• Cholistan: Cholistan is near Bahawalpur, along the Sutlej side.
• Kharan: Kharan is in Balochistan.

Did you know? Thal is mainly in the districts of Bhakkar, Layyah, Khushab, and Mianwali.

Memory trick: Thal = between two rivers.

Correct answer: 1950. Pakistan joined the International Monetary Fund in 1950.

Background: The IMF was created in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference.

• 1947: 1947 is the year Pakistan became independent.
• 1949: 1949 is not the year.
• 1951: 1951 is not the year.

Did you know? The IMF lends to countries facing balance-of-payments problems.

Memory trick: IMF = 1950.

Correct answer: Sukkur. Sukkur Barrage (originally the Lloyd Barrage) on the Indus is the largest barrage in Pakistan and was completed in 1932.

Background: It feeds seven canals that irrigate large areas of Sindh.

• Kotri: Kotri Barrage was completed in 1955.
• Trimmu: Trimmu Barrage is on the Chenab.
• Sulemanki: Sulemanki Headworks is on the Sutlej.

Did you know? It was named after Sir George Lloyd, the Governor of Bombay.

Memory trick: Sukkur = Indus = 1932.

Correct answer: Pakistan Army Act, 1952. The Pakistan Army (Amendment) Act 2020 amended the Pakistan Army Act, 1952, concerning the tenure of the Army chief.

Background: The amendment followed a Supreme Court order on the extension of the Army chief’s tenure.

• Army Act 1948: There is no Army Act of 1948 that was amended in 2020.
• Army Act 1965: There is no Army Act of 1965 that was amended in 2020.
• None of these: “None of these” is incorrect because the Pakistan Army Act, 1952, is correct.

Did you know? The Air Force and Navy acts were amended around the same time.

Memory trick: Army Act 1952.

Correct answer: Maryam Nawaz. Maryam Nawaz became Punjab’s first woman Chief Minister in February 2024.

Background: She is the daughter of Nawaz Sharif.

• Uzma Bukhari: Uzma Bukhari has served as a provincial minister, not Chief Minister.
• Fahmida Mirza: Fahmida Mirza was the first woman Speaker of the National Assembly.
• Salooni Bukhari: Salooni Bukhari is not a Chief Minister of Punjab.

Did you know? She took oath as Chief Minister on 26 February 2024.

Memory trick: First woman CM Punjab = Maryam.

Correct answer: China. China is Pakistan’s largest source of imports, including machinery and electronics.

Background: Trade with China has grown with CPEC projects.

• USA: The USA is a major export market but not the largest import source.
• Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia mainly supplies oil.
• UAE: The UAE is also an import partner but supplies less than China.

Did you know? Pakistan’s trade deficit is mainly driven by imports.

Memory trick: Imports → China.

Correct answer: Wheat. Wheat is grown on the largest area in Pakistan, and it is the main staple food.

Background: Wheat is a rabi (winter) crop, sown in November and harvested around April.

• Rice: Rice is an important crop but is grown on a smaller area.
• Cotton: Cotton is the main cash crop but covers a smaller area.
• Sugarcane: Sugarcane covers a smaller area.

Did you know? Pakistan is one of the world’s larger wheat producers.

Memory trick: Roti staple = wheat.

Correct answer: Belt and Road Initiative. Gwadar is the flagship port of CPEC, which is part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative.

Background: CPEC was launched in 2015.

• ECO corridor: ECO is a regional economic cooperation organization, not a corridor containing Gwadar.
• CASA-1000: CASA-1000 is an electricity transmission project.
• TAPI: TAPI is a gas pipeline project.

Did you know? Gwadar is a deep-sea port on the Arabian Sea in Balochistan.

Memory trick: Gwadar → CPEC → BRI.

Correct answer: All of these. The President is elected by an electoral college made up of the Senate, the National Assembly, and the provincial assemblies.

Background: This is provided in Article 41 of the Constitution.

• Senate: The Senate is only one part of the electoral college.
• National Assembly: The National Assembly is only one part of the electoral college.
• All Provincial Assemblies: The provincial assemblies are only one part of the electoral college.

Did you know? The President serves a five-year term.

Memory trick: Senate + NA + Provincial Assemblies.

Correct answer: Netherlands. Pakistan won the 1994 World Cup final in Sydney by beating the Netherlands in a penalty shoot-out.

Background: Pakistan won the first World Cup in 1971.

• Spain: Pakistan did not win its fourth title against Spain.
• Germany: Pakistan did not win its fourth title against Germany.
• Australia: Pakistan did not win its fourth title against Australia.

Did you know? Its four titles came in 1971, 1978, 1982, and 1994.

Memory trick: Titles: 71, 78, 82, 94.

Correct answer: Karakoram Highway. The Karakoram Highway (KKH), built jointly by Pakistan and China and opened in 1979, is the best-known symbol of their friendship.

Background: It connects Pakistan with China through the Khunjerab Pass.

• Gwadar: Gwadar is a port project, not the greatest monument of collaboration.
• Boundary Line: The boundary line is a border and not a joint monument.
• Trade: Trade is an activity, not a monument.

Did you know? It is often called the “Friendship Highway”.

Memory trick: KKH = Friendship Highway.