Computer Science MCQS

The correct answer is Microservices Architecture. because it describes an engineering approach where a software application is split into highly independent, modular services.

• Step 1 (Modular Design): In a microservices framework, each component runs as an independent process and communicates with others using lightweight protocols like HTTP/REST APIs or event streams.


• Step 2 (Scalability Benefits): This allows separate engineering teams to develop, test, deploy, and scale specific components of an application without needing to update or disrupt the entire system.


• Incorrect Options:
  
  
  
  • Monolithic Architecture is incorrect because it binds all software components and logic tightly into a single, indivisible codebase and execution unit.
  
  
  • Client-Server Architecture is incorrect because it is a broad network structure defining how clients request resources from a centralized server, rather than an internal application model.
  
  
  • Peer-to-Peer Architecture is incorrect because it involves decentralized network nodes sharing tasks equally without relying on centralized coordination.
  
  

The correct answer is Creating virtual versions of hardware resources. because virtualization abstracts physical hardware to create isolated, software-based digital environments.

• Step 1 (Abstraction Layer): Virtualization software (a hypervisor) sits directly between the physical hardware and the operating systems, splitting a single physical asset into multiple independent virtual machines (VMs).


• Step 2 (Resource Efficiency): This process allows organizations to run multiple operating systems and applications simultaneously on the same hardware, maximizing hardware utilization and reducing physical infrastructure costs.


• Incorrect Options:
  
  
  
  • Upgrading hardware pieces physically is incorrect because changing components relates to physical hardware maintenance, which is the exact opposite of software abstraction.
  
  
  • Increasing network security levels is incorrect because security levels are managed through specialized tools like firewalls and encryption, not the virtualization of hardware.
  
  
  • Designing 3D computer models is incorrect because 3D design involves computer-aided drafting (CAD) and graphic rendering software rather than system architecture virtualization.
  
  

The correct answer is NoSQL database. because MongoDB utilizes a non-relational, document-oriented model to manage structural data feeds efficiently.

• Step 1 (Document Store Model): MongoDB avoids traditional tables and rows. Instead, it records datasets as BSON documents (binary JSON format), allowing schemas to vary flexibly between items.


• Step 2 (Scalability Features): As a NoSQL system, it is architected to scale out horizontally across distributed clusters, making it ideal for handling unstructured big data and high-velocity workloads.


• Incorrect Options:
  
  
  
  • Relational database is incorrect because relational systems rely on rigid schemas, structured tables, primary keys, and foreign keys.
  
  
  • SQL database is incorrect because SQL databases are simply the query language foundation used to interact with structured relational systems.
  
  
  • Flat-file database is incorrect because flat files store text records sequentially without structured indexing mechanisms or database management engine features.
  
  

The correct answer is Routing between autonomous systems on the internet. because BGP serves as the primary mechanism that ties massive networks together globally.

• Step 1 (Autonomous Systems): The internet consists of thousands of large networks managed by ISPs and corporations, known as Autonomous Systems (AS). BGP acts as the essential map to navigate between them.


• Step 2 (Path Selection): BGP exchanges routing details across peer connections, calculating stable paths to ensure that data packets travel reliably across global paths to reach their destination network.


• Incorrect Options:
  
  
  
  • Assigning local IP addresses is incorrect because local internal IP address assignment is handled automatically by DHCP servers.
  
  
  • Encrypting user passwords is incorrect because password encryption relies on cryptographic hash functions like bcrypt or Argon2.
  
  
  • Connecting wireless printers is incorrect because wireless printers communicate using local protocols like Wi-Fi Direct, mDNS, or basic TCP/IP.
  
  

The correct answer is Machine intelligence similar to humans. because Alan Turing designed the test to determine whether a machine could successfully mimic human conversation and reasoning.

• Step 1 (The Imitation Game): The test involves a human evaluator engaging in natural text conversations with an unseen human and a machine. If the evaluator cannot reliably tell the machine apart from the human, the machine passes.


• Step 2 (Operational Intelligence): Rather than checking for true consciousness, the test focuses purely on operational output—evaluating whether the machine's behavior matches human conversational logic.


• Incorrect Options:
  
  
  
  • Computer screen resolution is incorrect because display clarity is quantified physically in pixels or dots per inch (DPI).
  
  
  • Data transmission speed is incorrect because transmission speed is measured electronically in bits per second (bps) using network diagnostic utilities.
  
  
  • Battery lifespan of hardware is incorrect because hardware battery capacities are measured in milliampere-hours (mAh) or watt-hours (Wh).
  
  

The correct answer is When a quantum computer solves problems impossible for classical computers. because the term defines an experimental milestone where quantum processors outperform classical systems on a specific task.

• Step 1 (The Threshold): Quantum supremacy is achieved when a quantum device performs a highly complex mathematical calculation that the world's most powerful classical supercomputers would take thousands of years to solve.


• Step 2 (Quantum Mechanics): This processing leap relies on the principles of quantum mechanics, specifically superposition and entanglement, which allow qubits to process massive combinations of data simultaneously.


• Incorrect Options:
  
  
  
  • When a computer achieves zero energy loss is incorrect because minimizing power loss relates to superconductivity and thermodynamic optimization rather than processing milestones.
  
  
  • When a network is fully secure from hacking is incorrect because foolproof security describes quantum cryptography or zero-trust architectures, not quantum supremacy.
  
  
  • The mass production of microchips is incorrect because manufacturing scaling refers to semiconductor fabrication and industrial logistics.
  
  

The correct answer is chown because it alters the user and/or group assignments of files within Unix-like file systems.

• Step 1 (Syntax Function): The `chown` utility allows system administrators to adjust permissions by mapping files to specific system accounts using permissions syntax like `chown user:group filename`.


• Step 2 (Access Control): By changing who owns a file, you change which user accounts have direct control over reading, writing, or executing that file according to system security rules.


• Incorrect Options:
  
  
  
  • chmod is incorrect because it modifies file access permissions (read, write, execute privileges) rather than changing the actual file owner.
  
  
  • mkdir is incorrect because it creates entirely new empty directory folders within the file system structure.
  
  
  • rm is incorrect because it deletes files or directories permanently from the system storage environment.
  
  

The correct answer is TLS. because Transport Layer Security is the modern cryptographic protocol used exclusively to secure and encrypt HTTPS web traffic.

• Step 1 (Encryption Protocol): HTTPS is standard HTTP traffic wrapped inside a secure cryptographic layer. This layer is established entirely using the TLS protocol to protect data in transit.


• Step 2 (Deprecating SSL): While HTTPS originally used Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), SSL has been completely deprecated due to critical security vulnerabilities, making TLS the sole active standard.


• Incorrect Options:
  
  
  
  • FTP is incorrect because File Transfer Protocol is used strictly for transferring files between networks, not for web browsing encryption.
  
  
  • SMTP is incorrect because Simple Mail Transfer Protocol handles electronic mail transmission rather than web security.
  
  
  • HTTP is incorrect because Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the baseline plaintext protocol that lacks any built-in security features.
  
  

The correct answer is AI that can take actions independently to achieve goals. because agentic systems possess autonomy, reasoning capabilities, and the power to use external tools to execute tasks without human intervention.

• Step 1 (Autonomy): Unlike static AI models that merely respond to immediate prompts, Agentic AI acts as an autonomous agent that evaluates tasks, breaks them down into milestones, and executes them.


• Step 2 (Goal Orientation): It continuously monitors its environment, adapts to new conditions, and iterates on its workflow until its assigned objective is successfully achieved.


• Incorrect Options:
  
  
  
  • AI that only answers questions is incorrect because static response systems describe standard conversational chatbots, not autonomous agents.
  
  
  • AI used strictly for gaming is incorrect because gaming AI is just one narrow implementation; Agentic AI applies broadly to software workflows, coding, and business operations.
  
  
  • Text-to-speech software is incorrect because audio synthesis tools convert written language to spoken frequencies without any underlying reasoning or agency.