Author name: Umar Draz

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The Position of a planet when it is nearest to the sun is called ….?

A. A. Apogee
B. B. Perigee
C. C. Aphelion
D. D. Perihelion
Correct answer is: D. D. Perihelion
Explanation

he position of a planet when it's nearest to the Sun is called perihelion. Here's some extra information about perihelion:

It comes from the Greek words "peri" (around) and "helion" (Sun).Earth's perihelion occurs around January 3rd of each year. At this point, we're about 147 million kilometers away from the Sun.Though Earth is closer to the Sun during perihelion, the difference in distance isn't enough to cause significant seasonal temperature variations. Seasonal temperatures are mainly caused by the tilt of Earth's axis on its orbital path.The opposite point in a planet's orbit, farthest from the Sun, is called aphelion. For Earth, aphelion happens around July 4th, and we're about 152 million kilometers from the Sun.

Our planet Earth journeys around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, meaning its path isn't a perfect circle. This creates two key points in its yearly trek: perihelion and aphelion.

Perihelion: Closest Encounter with the Sun

The term "perihelion" originates from the beautiful Greek words "peri" (around) and "helion" (Sun), literally translating to "around the Sun." It marks the moment when Earth reaches the closest point in its orbit to our star. This typically occurs around January 3rd of each year. At this point, we're roughly 147 million kilometers away from the Sun, a seemingly vast distance but significantly closer than our farthest point.

Does Perihelion Make Summer? Not Quite!

Intuitively, one might think that being closer to the Sun during perihelion would translate to scorching summers in the Northern Hemisphere (where January falls in winter). However, the difference in distance between perihelion and aphelion (Earth's farthest point from the Sun, occurring around July 4th) is only about 3% of the total orbital distance. This variation in distance isn't the primary driver of seasonal temperature changes.

The Real Culprit: Earth's Tilted Axis

The true maestro behind the seasons is the tilt of Earth's axis on its orbital path. This tilt is about 23.5 degrees relative to a plane perpendicular to its orbit. As Earth travels around the Sun, different parts of the planet are tilted more directly towards the Sun, receiving a more concentrated beam of sunlight and experiencing warmer temperatures. Conversely, other regions are tilted away, receiving less direct sunlight and experiencing cooler temperatures. This tilt is what creates the cycle of seasons – summer, autumn, winter, and spring – across different hemispheres throughout the year.

Aphelion: When Earth is Farthest from the Sun

The opposite point in Earth's orbit, farthest from the Sun, is called aphelion. As mentioned earlier, this typically occurs around July 4th. At aphelion, we're situated roughly 152 million kilometers away from the Sun. Interestingly, despite being farther away, the difference in solar radiation received during aphelion isn't substantial enough to create drastically cooler summers in the Northern Hemisphere. The Earth's atmosphere acts like a giant blanket, moderating the temperature variations throughout the year.

In conclusion, while Earth's position relative to the Sun (perihelion and aphelion) plays a role in the amount of solar radiation it receives, the tilt of Earth's axis is the primary factor governing the dramatic seasonal temperature changes we experience throughout the years 

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Halley’s Comet Appears once in a period of ……

A. A. 24 years
B. B. 36 years
C. C. 76 years
D. D. 88 years
Correct answer is: C. C. 76 years
Explanation

Halley's Comet is a fascinating visitor to our skies, gracing us with its presence roughly every 76 years. This isn't an exact figure, though. The actual period can range between 74 and 79 years because the comet's path is influenced by the gravity of other planets in our solar system.

Halley's Comet is classified as a short-period comet. This means, unlike some comets with orbits that take millions of years, Halley's completes a trip around the Sun in a relatively short timeframe. This characteristic allows it to be seen by humans multiple times within a lifetime. It's the only known short-period comet that's bright enough to be visible with the naked eye.

The comet itself is a giant ball of ice and dust. As it gets closer to the Sun, the ice begins to vaporize, creating a glowing head (coma) and a long tail made of dust and gas particles pushed away from the Sun by the solar wind. This tail is what gives comets their characteristic appearance.

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The first Satellite was launched by:

A. A. USSR
B. B. USA
C. C. France
D. D. Germany
Correct answer is: A. A. USSR
Explanation

The first successful launch of an artificial satellite belongs to the Soviet Union. They launched Sputnik 1 on October 4th, 1957. This event marked a pivotal moment in history, ushering in the Space Age.

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The time taken for Sunlight to reach the earth in 8 min 20 sec. The Moon light reaches to earth in…..

A. A. 0.3 Seconds
B. B. 1.3 Seconds
C. C. 3.1 Seconds
D. D. 4.13 Seconds
Correct answer is: B. B. 1.3 Seconds
Explanation

sunlight takes about 8 minutes and 20 seconds to reach Earth. The moon, being much closer to Earth, takes significantly less time. Moonlight reaches Earth in approximately 1.3 seconds.

Here's the breakdown:

Sunlight travels at a speed of approximately 299,792 kilometers per second (186,282 miles per second).

The distance between the Sun and Earth varies throughout the year due to Earth's elliptical orbit. On average, this distance is around 149.6 million kilometers (93 million miles).

Using the speed of light and the average Sun-Earth distance, we can calculate the travel time for sunlight:

Time = Distance / Speed
Time = 149.6 million km / 299,792 km/s (converted to kilometers per second for consistency)
Time ≈ 501 seconds (which is 8 minutes and 21 seconds, close enough to 8 minutes and 20 seconds for most purposes)
The moon, however, is much closer to Earth, with an average distance of about 384,400 kilometers (238,855 miles).

Using the same formula with the moon's distance:

Time = 384,400 km / 299,792 km/s
Time ≈ 1.28 seconds (which is approximately 1.3 seconds)
Therefore, while sunlight takes over 8 minutes to travel to Earth, moonlight takes a mere 1.3 seconds due to the vast difference in their distances.

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Karakuram Highway was completed in which year ?

A. 1975
B. 1976
C. 1977
D. 1978
Correct answer is: C. 1977

Which one of the following is the oldest method for the study of behavior?

A. Observation
B. Standardized tests
C. Intelligence test
D. Introspection
Correct answer is: C. Intelligence test

Where was the first Experimental psychology Laboratory set up?

A. Berlin
B. Boston
C. Frankfurt
D. Leipzig
Correct answer is: C. Frankfurt

Which is ‘Why’ age?

A. Early childhood
B. Late childhood
C. Puberty
D. Late adolescence
Correct answer is: C. Puberty

E.B. Titchener (1867-1927) defined ‘Psychology’ as the science of____________?

A. Science of Soul
B. Science of Mind
C. Science of Experience
D. Conscious Experience
Correct answer is: C. Science of Experience

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