Author name: Umar Draz

The dependent variable is the one measured, and test scores are the result of the independent variable's effect.

In action research, the researcher is directly involved in the process.

CAI (Computer-Assisted Instruction) is often studied in controlled experimental research.

The correlation coefficient ranges from -1.00 to +1.00.

A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other does too.

The independent variable is also called antecedent, treatment, or cause.

The dependent variable is the outcome or effect of the independent variable.

A minimum of 30 subjects is acceptable in correlational research for statistical power.

Cross-sectional surveys
Collect data from a population at a specific point in time. This type of study is often used to examine the relationships between different variables within a population at a specific time. Cross-sectional studies are quick to conduct and cost-effective. They are often used in developmental psychology, social science, and education.
Longitudinal surveys
Collect data from the same sample over an extended period of time. This type of study allows researchers to track their subjects in real-time, which can help them better determine the order of events and understand cause-and-effect relationships

Cross-sectional surveys
Collect data from a population at a specific point in time. This type of study is often used to examine the relationships between different variables within a population at a specific time. Cross-sectional studies are quick to conduct and cost-effective. They are often used in developmental psychology, social science, and education.
Longitudinal surveys
Collect data from the same sample over an extended period of time. This type of study allows researchers to track their subjects in real-time, which can help them better determine the order of events and understand cause-and-effect relationships