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Author name: Umar

Umar Draz is a Pakistani educationist, academic writer, and researcher known for his contributions in the field of education and competitive exam preparation. He is the author of the widely used educational book “Nucleus of Education”, which serves as a key reference for candidates preparing for teaching and public service commission examinations in Pakistan.

A child carefully observes aggressive behavior and remembers it but does not imitate it because there is no perceived incentive. The missing component is primarily:

A. Attention
B. Retention
C. Motor reproduction
D. Motivation

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs

A learner remembers exactly how a skilled athlete performs a movement but lacks the physical ability to reproduce it. Which observational-learning component is limiting performance?

A. Attention
B. Retention
C. Motor reproduction
D. Motivation

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs

A student learns a complex laboratory procedure by watching an expert perform it but does not receive any direct reward. Bandura’s theory predicts learning because:

A. Reinforcement is always necessary for learning
B. Observation can produce learning without direct reinforcement
C. Conditioning requires punishment
D. Insight cannot occur through observation

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs

A student first learns fractions using physical objects, then diagrams, and finally mathematical notation. The final stage represents:

A. Enactive representation
B. Iconic representation
C. Symbolic representation
D. Observational representation

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs

A learner understands a concept after physically manipulating objects before representing it through diagrams and language. Bruner’s sequence is best represented as:

A. Iconic → enactive → symbolic
B. Symbolic → iconic → enactive
C. Enactive → iconic → symbolic
D. Enactive → symbolic → iconic

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs

A teacher presents students with an unfamiliar problem and allows them to investigate patterns until they infer the underlying principle. This best represents:

A. Discovery learning
B. Classical conditioning
C. Law of exercise
D. Direct instruction

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs

Which feature most clearly distinguishes reinforcement from punishment?

A. Reinforcement always involves rewards.
B. Punishment always involves physical consequences.
C. Reinforcement increases behavior; punishment decreases it.
D. Reinforcement is always positive; punishment is always negative.

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs

A parent removes a child’s gaming privileges following repeated misbehavior, and the misbehavior decreases. This is:

A. Positive punishment
B. Negative punishment
C. Negative reinforcement
D. Positive reinforcement

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs

A student repeatedly talks during class, so the teacher assigns detention and talking decreases. This is:

A. Positive reinforcement
B. Negative reinforcement
C. Positive punishment
D. Negative punishment

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs

A teacher removes an unpleasant classroom duty when a student completes assigned work, increasing the student’s work completion. This is:

A. Positive reinforcement
B. Negative reinforcement
C. Positive punishment
D. Negative punishment

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs

A teacher gives a student a certificate after consistent homework completion, increasing homework behavior. This is:

A. Positive punishment
B. Negative punishment
C. Positive reinforcement
D. Negative reinforcement

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs

Little Albert’s fear of the white rat after repeated pairings with a loud noise demonstrates:

A. Operant conditioning
B. Classical conditioning
C. Insight learning
D. Observational learning

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs

A dog begins salivating when it hears a sound previously associated with food. The sound has become a:

A. Unconditioned stimulus
B. Conditioned stimulus
C. Unconditioned response
D. Reinforcer

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs

A learner performs poorly because he is neither prepared nor motivated to engage with the task. Thorndike’s principle most directly implicated is:

A. Law of effect
B. Law of exercise
C. Law of readiness
D. Law of reinforcement

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs

A student becomes increasingly proficient at a task primarily because repeated practice strengthens the stimulus-response connection. This illustrates the:

A. Law of readiness
B. Law of effect
C. Law of exercise
D. Law of adaptation

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs

A cat repeatedly performs random actions in a puzzle box until one action produces escape, after which that response becomes more frequent. This best illustrates Thorndike’s:

A. Law of readiness
B. Law of effect
C. Law of exercise
D. Law of insight

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs

A child’s academic performance changes after the parents and teacher develop a significantly better relationship. This is primarily a:

A. Microsystem effect
B. Mesosystem effect
C. Exosystem effect
D. Chronosystem effect

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs

A person supports an action because it protects human dignity even though it conflicts with an existing law. This reasoning most closely reflects:

A. Instrumental relativism
B. Good interpersonal relationships
C. Social contract orientation
D. Universal ethical principles

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Educational Psychology MCQS Pedagogy MCQs
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