Author name: Umar Draz

The President is elected for a term of 5 years. This term can be renewed if the person is re-elected. Fixed tenure provides stability to the executive office and ensures periodic democratic evaluation of the President’s performance.

Article 45 empowers the President to grant pardons or commute sentences. This constitutional power serves as a mercy provision to correct judicial errors or show leniency in special circumstances. It is exercised sparingly and responsibly.

The Speaker must transmit the removal notice to the President within 3 days. This ensures the process is swift and prevents unnecessary delays. It is a constitutional safeguard to maintain parliamentary accountability and government efficiency.

The joint sitting of Parliament must convene within 7–14 days after receiving the notice. This period allows members to prepare for discussion while ensuring the process is not delayed, maintaining constitutional efficiency.

The President may appear and be represented during a joint sitting but cannot vote. This maintains the impartiality of the President while allowing oversight of legislative processes, upholding the separation of powers.

The President must act within 10 days according to Article 48. This ensures that the Prime Minister’s advice is implemented promptly, preventing executive delays, and maintaining smooth governance.

Constitution of Pakistan, the President’s discretionary actions cannot be challenged in any court.

Article 48 and related provisions grant the President certain powers to act in his discretion.

These actions, when exercised under the Constitution, are considered final and not subject to judicial review.

This ensures that the President can exercise constitutional responsibilities without interference from the judiciary, maintaining the separation of powers.

✅ Correct Answer:

B) No

Explanation (5–6 lines):
The President of Pakistan has discretionary powers under the Constitution, particularly regarding appointments, pardons, and other constitutional duties. These actions are legally protected from judicial review to allow the President to function independently in fulfilling constitutional obligations. Courts cannot question or invalidate anything done in this discretionary capacity, ensuring stability in executive functions.

The National Assembly elects its Speaker and Deputy Speaker at the first meeting. This is essential for organizing the Assembly’s business, presiding over sessions, and maintaining parliamentary order and discipline.

The National Assembly must hold at least three sessions per year. This ensures regular legislative work and accountability of the executive, giving members the opportunity to discuss policies and pass laws efficiently.

Decisions are taken by majority vote of members present. This democratic process ensures that the Assembly functions efficiently, reflecting collective representation rather than individual authority.