Author name: Umar

The question requires choosing the grammatically correct English sentence. The sentences involve the use of the causative verb "let," which has a specific grammatical structure.

The correct answer is C: Do not let child drink this dirty water. The correct structure for the causative verb "let" is "let + object + base form of the verb (infinitive without 'to')." In this sentence, "child" is the object, and "drink" is the base form of the verb, making the sentence grammatically sound.

• A: Do not let child have drunk this dirty water is incorrect because "have drunk" is the present perfect form, which is not used after "let" in this construction.
• B: Do not let child to drink this dirty water is incorrect because "let" does not take "to" before the infinitive. This is a common error.
• D: Do not allow child have drunk this dirty water is incorrect. While "allow" is a causative verb, it typically takes "to + infinitive" (e.g., "Do not allow the child to drink"), and "have drunk" is still an incorrect verb form in this context.

اردو قواعد کو بنیادی طور پر پانچ حصوں میں تقسیم کیا جاتا ہے۔ یہ تمام حصے زبان کو صحیح طریقے سے بولنے، پڑھنے اور لکھنے کے بنیادی اصول فراہم کرتے ہیں۔

ان پانچ حصوں کی تفصیل درج ذیل ہے:

• علمِ ہجّا: اردو قواعد کا یہ حصہ حروف تہجی کے صوتی اور تحریری نظام، حرکات و سکنات (زبر، زیر، پیش) اور تلفظ سے متعلق معلومات فراہم کرتا ہے۔
• علمِ صرف: اس حصے میں الفاظ کی ساخت، ان کے روپ بدلنے، واحد سے جمع بنانے اور نئے الفاظ اخذ کرنے کے قوانین سکھائے جاتے ہیں۔
• علمِ نحو: اس حصے میں جملوں کی درست بنت، الفاظ کی ترتیب اور کلمات کے باہمی تعلق کے اصول بیان کیے جاتے ہیں تاکہ مفہوم واضح ہو۔
• علمِ بلاغت: قواعد کے اس حصے کے ذریعے کلام کی لفظی اور معنوی خوبیاں، استعارہ، تشبیہ اور روزمرہ کی گہری باتیں سیکھی جاتی ہیں۔
• علمِ عروض: یہ شاعری کا حصہ ہے، جس میں وزن، بحر، قافیہ اور ردیف کی پہچان کے ذریعے شعر کو قواعد کے پیمانے پر پرکھنا سکھایا جاتا ہے۔

The question asks about the title under which Allama Iqbal's poetry from his final period is included. Allama Iqbal was a renowned poet-philosopher whose works are categorized into different collections, each reflecting various phases of his thought and life.

The correct answer is A: ارمغانِ حجاز (Armaghan-e-Hijaz). This collection is indeed Allama Iqbal's last poetic work, published posthumously in 1938, shortly after his death. It contains both Urdu and Persian poetry and reflects his final philosophical thoughts, spiritual journey, and profound longing for Hijaz (the holy land of Mecca and Medina).

• B: جاوید نامہ (Javid Nama) is a long philosophical poem, often called "The Book of Eternity," but it was published in 1932, preceding Armaghan-e-Hijaz.
• C: ضربِ کلیم (Zarb-e-Kaleem) was published in 1936 and is known as "The Staff of Moses," focusing on social and political issues, but it is not his absolute last work.
• D: بانگِ درا (Bang-e-Dra) was his first Urdu poetry collection, published in 1924, representing his early period.

The question asks to match the English proverb "A guilty conscience needs no accuser" with its correct Urdu translation. This proverb implies that a person who has committed a wrong act will often betray their guilt through their actions or words, even without being directly accused.

The correct answer is B: چور کی داڑھی میں تھوکا (Chor ki darhi mein thooka). This Urdu idiom literally translates to "spit in the thief's beard." It signifies that a guilty person will often react defensively or show signs of guilt when an accusation is made, even if it's indirect or general, thus revealing their own culpability. This perfectly captures the essence of the English proverb.

• A: جور کی داڑھی میں تکا (Jor ki darhi mein tukka) is grammatically incorrect and does not form a recognized proverb. "جور" (Jor) means oppression, not thief.
• C: جور چور اکاٹ بڑی (Jor chor akaat bari) is also grammatically incorrect and not a known proverb.
• D: چار آنکھیں چار خبریں (Char aankhen char khabren) translates to "four eyes, four news," which is not a proverb and bears no relation to the concept of guilt.

The question asks for the antonym of the word "INVOLVE." An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word. The word "involve" means to include someone or something in an activity, situation, or group, or to cause someone to be concerned with something. Therefore, we are looking for a word that signifies the act of keeping someone or something out.

The correct answer is D: Exclude. To "exclude" means to deny someone access to a place, group, or privilege, or to keep something out. This is the direct opposite of involving or including.

• A: Spread means to extend over a large or increasing area, which is unrelated to the concept of inclusion or exclusion.
• B: Soften means to make or become less hard or harsh, which has no relation to the meaning of "involve."
• C: Worry means to feel or cause to feel anxious or troubled, which is also irrelevant to the antonym of "involve."

When changing direct speech to indirect speech, especially for interrogative sentences (questions), several rules apply. The reporting verb "said to" changes to "asked." For a yes/no question, we introduce the reported speech with "if" or "whether." The tense of the verb in the reported clause usually shifts to the past (e.g., present simple to past simple). Pronouns also change to reflect the new speaker's perspective.

• A: He asked teacher if he thought his essay was good correctly applies these rules: "said to" becomes "asked," "Do you think" becomes "if he thought" (tense shift and pronoun change), and "my essay" becomes "his essay."
• B: He asked teacher that was his essay good is incorrect because "that" is not used with "if/whether" for questions, and the word order remains interrogative.
• C: He asked teacher that if he thought his essay was good is incorrect due to the redundant use of "that if."
• D: He asked teacher if he thinks his essay is good is incorrect because the tense of the verb "think" should shift from present to past ("thought").

استعارہ (Ista'ara) in Urdu and Arabic rhetoric refers to a metaphor, a figure of speech where a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. It involves borrowing a quality from one thing to describe another. The pillars or elements of استعارہ are three in number.

• The three essential components are:
1. مستعار لہ (Musta'ar lahu): The actual subject or the thing being described (the tenor).
2. مستعار منہ (Musta'ar minhu): The object or concept from which the quality is borrowed (the vehicle).
3. وجہ جامع (Wajh-e-Jami): The common quality or shared characteristic between the tenor and vehicle (the ground of resemblance).

Therefore, the correct answer is B: 3, as these three elements are fundamental to forming a complete استعارہ.

Correct capitalization follows specific rules, particularly for proper nouns. A proper noun is the name of a specific person, place, or thing and is always capitalized. A common noun refers to a general class of people, places, or things and is not capitalized unless it begins a sentence.

• D: Athena was the goddess is correct because "Athena" is the proper name of a specific goddess, so it must be capitalized. "Goddess" is a common noun, referring to a type of deity, not a specific one, and thus remains lowercase.
• A: athens was goddess is incorrect because "Athens" (a city) is misspelled and not capitalized, and it's not a goddess.
• B: Athena was Goddess is incorrect because "Goddess" is a common noun and should not be capitalized.
• C: Athens was the goddess is incorrect because "Athens" is a city, not a goddess.

The word Ablution refers to the act of washing oneself, often as a ritual or for purification, especially in religious contexts. For instance, many religions involve specific ablutions before prayer or ceremonies. Therefore, its most direct and accurate synonym among the given options is "Washing."

• A: Drinking refers to the act of consuming liquids, which is unrelated to the meaning of ablution.
• C: Eating refers to the act of consuming food, which also has no connection to ablution.
• D: Sleeping refers to a state of rest and unconsciousness, which is entirely distinct from the concept of washing or purification.

Understanding the core meaning of "ablution" as a form of cleansing makes "Washing" the unequivocally correct synonym.

In the sentence, "Tom demanded thorough enquiry," the word "thorough" describes the type or quality of the "enquiry." An adjective is a word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. Here, "enquiry" is a noun, and "thorough" tells us more about it, indicating that the enquiry should be complete and detailed.

• A: Noun is incorrect because a noun names a person, place, thing, or idea, which "thorough" does not do in this context.
• C: Adverb is incorrect because an adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, typically answering how, when, where, or to what extent. "Thorough" is not modifying a verb here.
• D: None of these is incorrect as "Adjective" is the correct classification.

This question requires completing a well-known English idiom. Idioms are phrases whose meaning cannot be understood from the ordinary meaning of its words. The complete idiom is "Still waters run deep."

This idiom means that a person who appears calm, quiet, or reserved on the surface may actually have a very deep, complex, or passionate character underneath. It suggests that appearances can be deceiving and that a quiet exterior can hide profound thoughts, emotions, or capabilities. Therefore, option B is the correct completion.

• A: make no noise, while literally true for still water, is not the idiomatic expression.
• C: bring food and D: smell bad are incorrect as they do not form a recognized idiom or proverb with "Still waters."

This is an arithmetic progression (AP), where each term after the first is obtained by adding a constant difference to the preceding term. First, identify the first term (a₁) and the common difference (d).

Here, the first term a₁ = 35. The common difference d = 45 - 35 = 10 (or 55 - 45 = 10). To find the 10th term (n=10), use the formula for the nth term of an AP: a_n = a₁ + (n-1)d.

Substituting the values: a₁₀ = 35 + (10-1) * 10 = 35 + 9 * 10 = 35 + 90 = 125. So, option B is correct.

• A: 115 would be the 9th term.
• C: 135 would be the 11th term.
• D: 145 would be the 12th term. These distractors are close but result from miscalculating the term number.

To calculate speed, we use the formula: Speed = Distance / Time. The distance given is 16 km, and the time is 20 minutes. Since the desired speed unit is kilometers per hour (km/h), we must convert the time from minutes to hours.

There are 60 minutes in an hour, so 20 minutes = 20/60 hours = 1/3 hour. Now, substitute the values into the formula: Speed = 16 km / (1/3) hour = 16 * 3 km/h = 48 km/h. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

• A, B, D: 43 km/h, 45 km/h, 52 km/h are incorrect. These results likely stem from errors in converting minutes to hours or incorrect arithmetic during the calculation. Forgetting to convert time to hours or using an incorrect conversion factor would lead to different incorrect speeds.

A ratio compares two quantities, and the order is crucial. The question asks for the ratio of orange to apple. The cost of an orange is Rs. 20, and an apple is Rs. 16. So, the initial ratio is 20:16.

To express a ratio in its simplest form, divide both numbers by their greatest common divisor (GCD). The GCD of 20 and 16 is 4. Dividing both parts by 4 gives: 20 ÷ 4 = 5 and 16 ÷ 4 = 4. Thus, the simplified ratio is 5:4, making option C correct.

• A: 20:16 is the correct initial ratio but not simplified.
• B: 4:5 is incorrect because it represents the ratio of apple to orange, not orange to apple.
• D: 16:20 is also incorrect as it represents the ratio of apple to orange and is not simplified.