Correct Answer:
A. social, social
Explanation:
The correct answer is social, social because John Dewey's progressive educational philosophy defines learning as an active social process and treats the school environment as a micro-society.
- social, social: This is the correct choice. In his foundational work My Pedagogic Creed, Dewey stated that education is a social process and the school is simply that form of community life in which all agency is concentrated to cultivate active citizenship.
- Incorrect Options:
- social, philosophical / philosophical, philosophical / environmental, psychological: These are incorrect. While Dewey integrated psychological and environmental elements into his theories, his definitive core statement explicitly balances 'social' against 'social institution'.