Progressivism is an educational philosophy that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, largely influenced by John Dewey. It advocates for an education that is dynamic, experiential, and responsive to the needs and interests of the individual student. Progressivism views education as a continuous process of growth and development.
The correct answer, B: Student-centered, is the hallmark of progressivism. This approach emphasizes that learning should be active, hands-on, and driven by the student's curiosity and experiences. Teachers act as facilitators, guiding students through inquiry, problem-solving, and collaborative projects, rather than simply delivering information.
A: Teacher-centered is incorrect as it represents traditional educational models where the teacher is the primary authority and dispenser of knowledge, which progressivism sought to move away from. C: Rote learning is also incorrect; progressivism strongly opposes memorization without understanding, advocating for meaningful, experiential learning. D: Discipline only is incorrect because while discipline is present, progressivism emphasizes self-discipline and social cooperation rather than strict, external control as the sole focus of the learning environment.