Seating arrangements should primarily be determined by:
Seating should support the planned learning activities.
Seating should support the planned learning activities.
Minimal intervention corrects behavior without disrupting learning.
Clear, consistent rules are most effective.
Prevention through clear expectations reduces disruptions.
Classroom management creates an environment where learning can occur.
Relevance to student interests boosts engagement.
Extrinsic motivation comes from external rewards or pressures.
Intrinsic motivation grows from autonomy, challenge, and meaning.
Negative reinforcement removes an aversive stimulus to increase behavior.
Adding a pleasant stimulus (praise) after behavior is positive reinforcement.
Reinforcement strengthens desired behaviors.
Guided questioning leads students step-by-step to understanding.
Wait time improves response quality and participation.
Wait time is the pause after questioning before calling on students.
Open-ended questions accept varied, thoughtful responses.
Why questions require analysis and reasoning — higher-order thinking.
Justifying conclusions requires evaluation and reasoning.
Inquiry starts with questions or problems to investigate.
Constructivist teaching promotes inquiry, dialogue, and active meaning-making.
Constructivism holds that learners actively build knowledge.
Dewey championed experiential, hands-on learning.
ZPD is the gap between independent and assisted performance.
Scaffolding provides temporary support that fades as learners gain competence.
Adjusting task difficulty by readiness is differentiation.
Differentiation tailors instruction to diverse learner needs.