The Wheeler model of curriculum development is best described as:
Wheeler's model is cyclical, allowing feedback and revision.
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Which step is generally associated with the beginning of Taba’s model?
Taba begins with diagnosing learner needs.
The Taba model of curriculum development is commonly associated with:
Taba's model is inductive and grassroots, starting with teacher-led diagnosis of needs.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic elements of Tyler’s rationale?
Tyler's elements are objectives, learning experiences, organization of learning experiences, and evaluation; content organization is not one of them.
According to Tyler’s rationale, curriculum developers should first ask:
Tyler's first question concerns educational purposes and objectives.
The Tyler model is also known as the:
Tyler's rationale is objectives-centered; it starts with educational purposes and objectives.
The primary purpose of curriculum evaluation is to:
Evaluation judges effectiveness and informs revision and improvement.
The implementation phase mainly involves:
Implementation is the actual delivery and enactment of the curriculum in classrooms.
During the content and methods phase, curriculum developers primarily decide:
The content and methods phase deals with subject matter selection and instructional approaches.
During curriculum planning, the primary concern is to:
Planning focuses on identifying needs and formulating educational objectives.
Which phase generally comes first in the curriculum development process?
Curriculum development begins with planning, including needs assessment and objective setting.
A pilot study is conducted before the main investigation primarily to:
Pilot studies test feasibility, instruments, and procedures before the full study.
Extreme scores tend to become less extreme when participants are tested again. This phenomenon is:
Regression to the mean is the statistical tendency for extreme scores to move closer to the average on retesting.
A result is statistically significant at p < .05. Which interpretation is most accurate?
A p-value is the probability of obtaining results at least as extreme as observed, assuming the null hypothesis and model are true; it is not the probability the hypothesis is true.
A researcher combines classroom observations, interviews, and achievement records to investigate instructional quality. This strengthens the study through:
Triangulation uses multiple data sources or methods to strengthen credibility.
A pretest influences students’ performance on a subsequent posttest. This threat to internal validity is called:
The pretest itself can sensitize or provide practice, affecting posttest performance; this is the testing effect.
A researcher interviews teachers until additional interviews produce no substantially new themes. This point is known as:
Theoretical saturation occurs when new data no longer generate new insights or themes.
The effect of teaching method on achievement differs depending on students’ prior ability. Prior ability functions as a:
A moderator changes the strength or direction of the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
A researcher examines whether motivation explains the relationship between teacher feedback and academic achievement. Motivation is a:
A mediator explains or accounts for the relationship between predictor and outcome.
In a quasi-experimental study, intact classrooms are assigned different teaching methods. The principal concern is:
Quasi-experimental designs lack random assignment, so pre-existing group differences threaten internal validity.
A researcher randomly assigns students to two teaching methods. Random assignment primarily helps to:
Random assignment balances known and unknown confounders across groups, reducing selection bias.
A study investigates the relationship between study hours and examination marks without manipulating either variable. It is primarily:
No manipulation occurs; the researcher examines an association between variables, so it is correlational.
A researcher selects every 20th name from a student register after randomly choosing the first name. The sampling method is:
Systematic sampling selects every kth element after a random start.
Cronbach’s alpha is commonly used to examine:
Cronbach's alpha estimates internal consistency among items measuring the same construct.
A researcher administers the same questionnaire to the same participants twice and obtains highly consistent results. This primarily assesses:
Test-retest reliability checks stability of scores over repeated administrations.