PPSC Past Papers 2026 Solved

The correct answer is Afghanistan. When Pakistan applied for membership in the United Nations in 1947 after its independence, Afghanistan was the only country to vote against its admission. Afghanistan opposed Pakistan's membership due to the unresolved Durand Line border dispute and claimed the Pashtun territories. Among the options:

• Afghanistan: Correct; it cast the sole opposing vote.
• India: Did not oppose Pakistan's UN membership.
• Iran: Supported Pakistan's membership.
• United Kingdom: Supported Pakistan's membership.

Therefore, the country that opposed Pakistan's UN membership is "Afghanistan".

The correct answer is Sagar Veena. The Sagar Veena is a unique stringed musical instrument that was invented in Pakistan in the 1980s by the late musician and instrument maker Raza Kazim (also known as Sagar) in Lahore. It is an innovative adaptation of the traditional veena and is considered Pakistan's own contribution to the world of classical music. Among the options:

• Rubab: Originated in Afghanistan and Central Asia.
• Sagar Veena: Correct; this is Pakistan's sole invention.
• Dholak: A traditional South Asian drum, not specifically Pakistani.
• Tarbela: This is a dam, not a musical instrument.

Hence, the correct instrument is "Sagar Veena".

The correct answer is Article 6. The Paris Agreement contains several articles, and Article 6 deals with cooperative approaches for international carbon markets, including the trading of emission reductions and the creation of a centralized carbon crediting mechanism. Pakistan approved its climate agreement and related rules under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement to participate in these carbon markets. Among the options:

• Article 10: Deals with technology development and transfer.
• Article 45: Does not exist in the Paris Agreement (it only goes up to Article 29).
• Article 20: Deals with signature and ratification procedures.
• Article 6: Correct; it addresses carbon markets and cooperative approaches.

Therefore, the correct article is "Article 6".

The correct answer is Nile River. Ancient Egyptian civilization, one of the world's earliest and most influential, developed along the banks of the Nile River in northeastern Africa. The river's annual flooding provided fertile soil for agriculture, which sustained the civilization for thousands of years. Among the options:

• Tigris: Associated with Mesopotamia (Iraq).
• Euphrates: Also associated with Mesopotamia.
• Indus River: Associated with the Indus Valley Civilization (Indian subcontinent).
• Nile River: Correct; it is the lifeblood of ancient Egypt.

Hence, the correct answer is "Nile River".

The correct answer is Novelist. Franz Kafka (1883–1924) was a German‑language novelist and short‑story writer from Prague. He is one of the most influential figures of 20th‑century literature, known for works like The Metamorphosis, The Trial, and The Castle. Among the options:

• Novelist: Correct, as Kafka is widely regarded as a literary icon.
• Architect: Not his profession.
• Painter: Not his profession.
• Musician: Not his profession.

Hence, the correct answer is "Novelist".

The correct answer is Brazil. Pelé, widely regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time, was born in Brazil (Edson Arantes do Nascimento). He spent most of his career with Santos FC in Brazil and won three FIFA World Cups with the Brazilian national team (1958, 1962, 1970). Among the options:

• France: Incorrect.
• Spain: Incorrect.
• Brazil: Correct.
• Germany: Incorrect.

Thus, the correct country is "Brazil".

The correct answer is Boxing. Amir Khan is a retired British professional boxer of Pakistani descent. He is known for his speed and won a silver medal at the 2004 Athens Olympics and held multiple world titles in the light‑welterweight division. Among the options:

• Cricketer: Incorrect; there is another Amir Khan (cricketer), but the famous one is a boxer.
• Boxing: Correct; he is a world‑famous boxer.
• Footballer: Incorrect.
• Tennis: Incorrect.

Therefore, the correct profession is "Boxing".

The correct answer is China. China shares land borders with 14 countries, including India, Pakistan, Russia, Mongolia, Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan, and others. It is one of the countries with the highest number of land neighbors in the world.

Note: Hong Kong and Macau are Special Administrative Regions (SARs) of China, not separate countries, and they are not counted among China's bordering countries.

• China: Correct — shares land borders with 14 countries.
• Russia: Also has 14 land neighbors, but the question's expected answer is China.
• India: Has fewer land-bordering countries.
• Brazil: Borders 10 countries.

Hence, the correct answer is "China".

The correct answer is Charles Dickens. "A Tale of Two Cities" is a historical novel set in London and Paris before and during the French Revolution. It was written by the famous English novelist Charles Dickens and published in 1859. Among the options:

• Leo Tolstoy: Russian author of "War and Peace" and "Anna Karenina".
• Mark Twain: American author of "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn".
• Charles Dickens: Correct; he wrote "A Tale of Two Cities".
• Jane Austen: English novelist known for "Pride and Prejudice".

Therefore, the correct author is "Charles Dickens".

The correct answer is China. The Three Gorges Dam is a massive hydroelectric gravity dam on the Yangtze River in central China. It is the world's largest power station in terms of installed capacity. Among the options:

• United Kingdom: Incorrect.
• United States: Incorrect.
• China: Correct.
• France: Incorrect.

Hence, the correct country is "China".

The correct answer is Mark Zuckerberg. Facebook was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg along with his college roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes, while they were students at Harvard University. Among the options:

• Bill Gates: Co‑founder of Microsoft.
• Steve Jobs: Co‑founder of Apple.
• Larry Page: Co‑founder of Google.
• Mark Zuckerberg: Correct; he is the founder of Facebook.

Thus, the correct answer is "Mark Zuckerberg".

The correct answer is Pakistan. The 24th Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit was held in Pakistan on 15–16 October 2025 in Islamabad, marking the first time Pakistan hosted the summit since becoming a full member in 2017. Among the options:

• Pakistan: Correct, the host country for the 24th summit.
• China: Hosted previous summits, not the 24th.
• Kazakhstan: Hosted the 23rd summit in 2024.
• Tajikistan: Not the host for this summit.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Pakistan".

The correct answer is 9th. António Guterres of Portugal is the 9th Secretary‑General of the United Nations. He took office on 1 January 2017, succeeding Ban Ki‑moon (the 8th). Among the options:

• 7th: Incorrect; that was Kofi Annan.
• 9th: Correct; Guterres is the 9th Secretary‑General.
• 10th: Incorrect; no one has served as the 10th yet.
• 11th: Incorrect.

Hence, the correct answer is "9th".

The correct answer is Belgium. South America is a continent that includes countries like Argentina, Peru, Chile, Brazil, Colombia, etc. Belgium is a country located in Europe, not South America. Among the options:

• Argentina: Located in South America.
• Belgium: Located in Europe, not South America.
• Peru: Located in South America.
• Chile: Located in South America.

Therefore, the country not located in South America is "Belgium".

The correct answer is Proxy War. A proxy war is a conflict where two major powers or states use third parties (or proxies) to fight on their behalf instead of directly engaging each other. Classic examples include the Vietnam War (US vs USSR via North/South Vietnam) and the Cold War proxy conflicts. Among the options:

• Cold War: This is a period of geopolitical tension, not a type of war.
• Civil War: A war within a single country.
• Proxy War: Correct; major powers support opposing sides without direct involvement.
• Guerrilla War: A type of irregular warfare, not defined by outside support.

Thus, the correct term is "Proxy War".