Model Paper 139 Clubb CASE 98- 2024

The question asks for the antonym of "APPROBATE." To "approbate" means to approve formally or sanction something. Therefore, its antonym should mean to express strong disapproval or to condemn. Option A, "Condemn," is the correct antonym, as it means to express complete disapproval of, typically in public; censure.

• Option B, "Ingratitude," means a lack of thankfulness, which is unrelated to approval or disapproval.
• Option C, "Master," can mean a skilled person or to gain control over something, neither of which is an antonym for approbate.
• Option D, "Permit," means to allow or authorize, which is a synonym or closely related concept to approbate, not an antonym.

Understanding "approbate" as formal approval helps in identifying "condemn" as its direct opposite, signifying strong disapproval.

This question assesses general knowledge about major religious texts and their associated religions. The Mahabharata is a foundational epic, and understanding its religious context is key to comprehending its cultural significance.

• Correct Option A: The Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India and is intrinsically linked to Hinduism. It is a sacred text that delves into philosophical and devotional themes, including the Bhagavad Gita, a revered scripture within Hinduism. The epic narrates the Kurukshetra War, embodying core Hindu values, dharma, and ethical principles.
• Option B: Judaism is an Abrahamic religion, distinct from the traditions of the Mahabharata.
• Option C: Christianity is also an Abrahamic religion, with its own unique scriptures and beliefs.
• Option D: Buddhism, while originating in India, has its own separate scriptures and philosophical framework.

This question addresses a fundamental concept in chemistry and biology concerning molecular movement. Diffusion is defined as the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This passive process occurs due to the random kinetic energy of molecules and continues until an equilibrium state is reached. It is vital for many biological processes, such as gas exchange in the lungs and nutrient absorption.

• Evaporation is the process of a liquid turning into a gas from its surface.
• Sublimation is the direct transition from solid to gas.
• Condensation is the process of a gas turning into a liquid.

These distractors describe phase changes, which are distinct from the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient.

The phrase "pencil you in" is an idiomatic expression. When someone says, "I will pencil you in for Tuesday the 18th," they mean they are making a provisional or tentative arrangement or booking for that time. It suggests that the arrangement is not yet finalized but is noted down. Option A, "Appointment," is the most accurate meaning, as it refers to a scheduled meeting or arrangement.

• Option B, "Particular," means specific or precise, which doesn't capture the essence of making a tentative booking.
• Option C, "Respect," refers to admiration or esteem, which is entirely unrelated to scheduling.
• Option D, "Independent," means self-reliant or not controlled by others, which has no connection to the idiom.

The idiom implies a flexible, preliminary booking, commonly used in scheduling appointments or meetings.

This question tests knowledge of a pivotal event in Islamic history that marks the commencement of the Islamic Hijri calendar. Understanding this foundational event is crucial for comprehending Islamic chronology and its historical significance.

• Correct Option B: The Islamic Hijri calendar begins with the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW)'s migration (Hijrat) from Makkah to Madina in 622 CE. This momentous event, known as the Hijra, established the first Muslim community-state in Madina, marking a new era for Islam and signifying a turning point in its history and the development of the Muslim Ummah.
• Option A: The conquest of Makkah occurred much later (8 AH) and is not the calendar's starting point.
• Option C: The birth of the Holy Prophet (SAW) predates the Hijra by many decades.
• Option D: The Treaty of Hudaibiya was signed in 6 AH, after the calendar's inception.

This question relates to plant physiology, specifically the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. During the day, plants perform photosynthesis, consuming carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. However, at night, photosynthesis ceases due to the absence of sunlight, and plants continue to respire. Respiration involves taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide, similar to animals. Therefore, sleeping under a tree at night means being in an area where carbon dioxide concentration might be elevated, which can be detrimental to health in poorly ventilated conditions.

• "More oxygen is released" is incorrect; oxygen release stops at night.
• "Less oxygen" is true, but the primary concern is the active release of CO2.
• "Carbon monoxide released" is false; plants do not produce carbon monoxide.

In the sentence "Her parents are walking on the road in the morning," the group of words "in the morning" functions as a unit. A fundamental concept in grammar is distinguishing between clauses and phrases. A clause contains both a subject and a verb, while a phrase is a group of words that lacks either a subject, a verb, or both, and functions as a single part of speech. Option C, "Phrase," is correct because "in the morning" is a prepositional phrase (starting with the preposition "in") that acts as an adverb, telling us when the action occurs. It does not contain a subject-verb pair.

• Option A, "Independent clause," is incorrect because it lacks a subject and a verb that could stand alone as a complete sentence.
• Option B, "Dependent clause," is also incorrect as it requires a subject and a verb, which "in the morning" does not have.
• Option D, "None of these," is false because "Phrase" is the correct classification.

Recognizing the absence of a subject-verb combination is key to identifying a phrase.

The correct answer is Hazrat Ibrahim AS.

Hazrat Ibrahim (Abraham) is profoundly revered in Islam as the patriarch of monotheism and is explicitly referred to as the "Father of Muslims" in the Holy Quran (Surah Al-Hajj, 22:78). His unwavering faith, submission to Allah, and willingness to sacrifice his son set an unparalleled example for all believers, establishing a spiritual lineage for the Muslim community.

• Hazrat Adam AS was the first human and prophet, but not specifically called the "Father of Muslims" in this context.
• Hazrat Musa AS (Moses) was a great prophet who received the Torah, primarily for the Children of Israel.
• Hazrat Isa AS (Jesus) was also a significant prophet, who received the Injeel (Gospel), also primarily for the Children of Israel.

Therefore, Hazrat Ibrahim's unique status as the spiritual father of the monotheistic tradition makes him the correct choice.

This question tests knowledge of the unique physical properties of water. Unlike most substances, water exhibits anomalous expansion when it freezes. When water turns into ice, its volume increases by approximately 9%. This occurs because the hydrogen bonds in liquid water form a more open, crystalline lattice structure in ice, holding the molecules further apart. This property is crucial for life on Earth, as it causes ice to float, insulating aquatic environments and preventing entire bodies of water from freezing solid.

• 3%, 6%, and 10% are incorrect percentages. The widely accepted and scientifically accurate value for water's expansion upon freezing is around 9%.

The sentence "The house is large ___ is quite old-fashioned" requires a conjunction to connect two contrasting ideas. The house being large is generally a positive attribute, while being old-fashioned can be seen as a negative or contrasting one. Option D, "But," is the correct coordinating conjunction to use here because it introduces a contrast or something contrary to what has just been stated. It effectively highlights the difference between the house's size and its style.

• Option A, "And," is used to add information or connect similar ideas, not contrasting ones.
• Option B, "Or," is used to present an alternative or choice.
• Option C, "Which," is a relative pronoun used to introduce a dependent clause, and its usage here would be grammatically incorrect without a comma and a different sentence structure (e.g., "The house, which is large, is quite old-fashioned.").

The contrast between "large" and "old-fashioned" necessitates the use of "but" for proper grammatical flow and meaning.

The correct answer is Surah Al Maida.

Surah Al-Ma'idah (Chapter 5) is the specific chapter in the Holy Quran that explicitly details the regulations for ritual purity, including both Wudu (ablution with water) and Tayammum (ablution with clean earth or sand when water is unavailable). Verse 6 of Surah Al-Ma'idah provides these essential instructions for Muslims to maintain ritual cleanliness before prayer and other acts of worship.

• Surah Al Baqarah is the longest Surah and covers many topics, but not the primary source for these specific ablution details.
• Surah Al Imran focuses on faith, battles, and the family of Imran, without detailing Wudu and Tayammum.
• Surah An-Nisa primarily deals with women's rights, inheritance, and family law, not the specifics of ritual ablution.

Thus, Surah Al-Ma'idah is the foundational text for these purification rites.

This question probes the concept of elasticity in material science. In physics, elasticity refers to a material's ability to return to its original shape after deformation, and its resistance to permanent change. A material is considered more elastic if it has a higher Young's modulus, meaning it requires more force to deform it and returns more precisely. Steel is highly elastic because it can withstand significant stress and return to its exact original shape, storing and releasing substantial elastic energy.

• Rubber is flexible but deforms easily and has a lower Young's modulus, not returning as perfectly under high stress.
• Sponge is compressible but not truly elastic in the sense of resisting deformation.
• Glass is brittle and fractures with minimal elastic deformation.

Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, providing more information about how, when, where, or to what extent an action occurs. The question specifically asks for the type of adverb that shows how often something happens. Option A, "Adverb of frequency," is the correct answer. Adverbs of frequency, such as 'always,' 'often,' 'never,' 'sometimes,' and 'rarely,' indicate how frequently an action takes place.

• Option B, "Adverb of place," tells us where an action happens (e.g., here, there, upstairs).
• Option C, "Adverb of degree," indicates the intensity or extent of an action or quality (e.g., very, quite, almost).
• Option D, "Conjunctive adverbs," connect independent clauses and show relationships between them (e.g., however, therefore, moreover).

Understanding the specific function of each adverb type is crucial for correct identification.

The correct answer is 7 Nabvi.

The social boycott of Banu Hashim, the clan of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), was a severe economic and social blockade initiated by the Quraish in Mecca. This oppressive measure began in the 7th year of Nabuwah (Prophethood) and lasted for three arduous years. The Quraish imposed this boycott due to the Banu Hashim's unwavering refusal to abandon the Prophet, causing immense hardship and suffering to the entire clan.

• 5 Nabvi and 6 Nabvi are incorrect years for the commencement of this significant historical event.
• 8 Nabvi would be during the boycott, not its beginning.

The 7th year of Nabuwah marks the start of this pivotal period of persecution and steadfastness for the early Muslim community.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a vital international body responsible for regulating and facilitating global trade, aiming to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible.

• Correct Option (C) 2001: China officially became a member of the WTO on December 11, 2001. This landmark event followed 15 years of complex negotiations and marked China's full integration into the multilateral trading system. Its accession significantly reshaped global trade dynamics and had profound implications for both China's economy and the world.
• Distractors:
• (A) 1995 is when the WTO was established, not when China joined.
• (B) 2000 was during the final stages of China's accession negotiations.
• (D) 2003 is incorrect, as China had already been a member for two years by then.

Historical titles often encapsulate a leader's significant contributions and public perception during a particular era. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, was initially known for his efforts to foster unity between India's two major communities.

• The correct answer is Sarojini Naidu. The esteemed Indian poet and political activist, Sarojini Naidu, famously conferred the title "Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity" upon Muhammad Ali Jinnah. She did so in her 1917 biographical sketch, "Mohammad Ali Jinnah: An Ambassador of Unity." This recognition came during Jinnah's early political career when he was a strong proponent of Hindu-Muslim cooperation and played a crucial role in the Lucknow Pact of 1916.
• Option B, Allama Iqbal, is incorrect; while a key figure, he did not give Jinnah this specific title.
• Option C, Jawaharlal Nehru, is incorrect; as a political contemporary and later rival, he would not have bestowed such an honor.
• Option D, None of these, is false.

This title highlights a crucial phase of Jinnah's political journey.

The correct answer is COP 26.

COP stands for Conference of the Parties, which is the supreme decision-making body of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). COP 26 was a crucial international climate summit held in Glasgow, Scotland, from 31 October to 13 November 2021. Its primary objective was to accelerate action towards achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement and the UNFCCC, focusing on reducing global emissions and adapting to climate change impacts.

• COP 23 was held in 2017.
• COP 24 was held in 2018.
• COP 25 was held in 2019.

Each COP is numbered sequentially, making COP 26 the correct conference for 2021.

In the realm of organized sports, a referee or umpire serves as the impartial authority, tasked with upholding the rules, ensuring fair competition, and managing the flow of the game.

• Correct Option (B) Referee: The referee is the principal official on the field or court, holding ultimate authority over the game's conduct and its outcome. It is their responsibility to meticulously record the final score and officially sign off on the match result, thereby validating its authenticity and finality. This signature confirms that the game was played according to the rules and the score is accurate.
• Distractors:
• (A) Both team coaches and (C) Both team captains are incorrect. While they play crucial roles in their respective teams, they do not possess the official authority to certify the final results of a game.
• (D) None is false, as a specific official is designated for this task.

The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) functions as the central bank of the country, and one of its core responsibilities is to Regulate Monetary Policy. This involves managing the money supply, controlling inflation, and influencing interest rates to maintain economic stability and growth.

• Option A, 'Prepare annual budget', is incorrect because this is a function of the Ministry of Finance, not the central bank.
• Option C, 'Open accounts for public', is also incorrect as this is a service provided by commercial banks, whereas the SBP primarily deals with commercial banks and the government.
• Therefore, regulating monetary policy is the precise and accurate function of the SBP.

The correct answer is India.

The Imperial Towers are two prominent residential skyscrapers located in Mumbai, India. These twin towers are among the tallest buildings in the country and were designed by the renowned architect Hafeez Contractor. Completed in 2010, they symbolize modern luxury living and architectural ambition in Mumbai, reflecting India's rapid urban development and its growing skyline. They are a significant landmark in the city's upscale residential landscape.

• JK (Jammu and Kashmir) is a region within India, but not where these specific towers are located.
• The US and China both have numerous impressive skyscrapers, but the
  

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a vast socialist state that spanned much of Eurasia, existing from 1922 until its eventual collapse, which profoundly reshaped global geopolitics.

• Correct Option (D) 1991: The USSR officially ceased to exist on December 26, 1991. This dissolution was formalized by the Alma-Ata Protocol, signed by 11 of the Soviet republics, which established the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The preceding resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev as President on December 25, 1991, effectively marked the end of the Soviet era and the conclusion of the Cold War.
• Distractors:
• (A) 1988, (B) 1989, and (C) 1990 were periods of significant internal reforms and growing instability within the Soviet Union, but the state itself remained intact until 1991.

Moeen Akhtar was a legendary Pakistani artist celebrated for his extraordinary versatility and talent, primarily in the field of Comedy. He was renowned for his exceptional comedic timing, mimicry, and ability to portray diverse characters across television, film, and stage productions, making him a household name.

• While he did engage in 'Singing' (Option A) and 'Acting' (Option B) throughout his career, his most significant and defining contribution, which earned him widespread fame and adoration, was undoubtedly in comedy.
• His comedic genius often underpinned his acting roles, solidifying comedy as his primary domain.
• Thus, 'Comedy' is the most accurate description of his famous field.

The question asks for the capital city of a specific country. Athens is historically and currently the capital of Greece, a nation located in Southeast Europe. Greece is renowned for its ancient civilization, democratic origins, and significant contributions to Western philosophy, art, and architecture. The city of Athens itself is a major global center for culture, politics, and finance.

• Indonesia: Its capital is Jakarta.
• Austria: Its capital is Vienna.
• Mali: Its capital is Bamako.

These distractors represent other sovereign nations with their own distinct capital cities, none of which is Athens.

Following World War I, the victorious Allied powers embarked on a process to redraw the geopolitical map, particularly targeting the defeated Central Powers, which included the vast Ottoman Empire.

• Correct Option (A) Treaty of Sèvres: Signed on August 10, 1920, the Treaty of Sèvres was the peace agreement between the Allied powers and the Ottoman Empire. This treaty was designed to dismantle and fragment the Ottoman Empire, stripping it of its Arab provinces and significant territories in Anatolia, effectively reducing it to a small state. Although never fully ratified by the Turkish nationalist government, it laid the groundwork for the empire's dissolution.
• Distractors:
• (B) Treaty of Trianon concerned Hungary.
• (C) Treaty of Versailles dealt with Germany.
• (D) Treaty of Warsaw is unrelated to post-WWI Ottoman fragmentation.

The Hazara community is an ethnic group with a significant presence across multiple countries, primarily due to historical migrations and conflicts. They are native to the Hazarajat region of central Afghanistan, making 'Afghanistan' (Option B) a correct location.

• However, large Hazara populations have also established themselves in neighboring countries.
• Significant communities reside in 'Pakistan' (Option C), particularly in Quetta, and in 'Iran' (Option A), especially in cities like Mashhad and Tehran.
• Therefore, the most comprehensive and accurate answer is 'All of these', as Hazaras are found in all three listed countries.