General Knowledge MCQs for PPSC, FPSC & Competitive Exams (Free PDF)

Explanation

FBR most likely refers to the Federal Board of Revenue in Pakistan. It's the main government agency responsible for collecting taxes and duties in the country. They handle things like income tax, sales tax, and customs duties.

Here's some information about the FBR:

They have a website https://www.fbr.gov.pk/ where you can find information on tax rates, how to file your taxes, and other resources.Their primary function is to collect taxes and enforce tax laws.They also investigate tax evasion and money laundering.

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Explanation

The answer is A. Hypothalamus.

The hypothalamus is a small region located at the base of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat. It plays a critical role in regulating body temperature through various mechanisms:

Monitoring: The hypothalamus receives signals from temperature sensors in the skin and internal organs, constantly monitoring body temperature.
Regulation: Based on the information received, the hypothalamus initiates various responses to maintain a constant internal temperature (around 37°C or 98.6°F).
Heat Loss: If the body temperature rises, the hypothalamus stimulates mechanisms like sweating, vasodilation (widening blood vessels in the skin), and increased blood flow to the skin to release heat.
Heat Production: If the body temperature drops, the hypothalamus triggers shivering, increased metabolic rate (generating heat), and vasoconstriction (narrowing blood vessels) to conserve heat.
The other glands listed have different functions:

Pituitary Gland: Often called the "master gland," it produces hormones that control various bodily functions, but not directly temperature regulation.
Adrenal Gland: Produces hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, which influence stress response and metabolism, not the core body temperature.
Thyroid Gland: Produces hormones that regulate metabolism and energy expenditure, but not the immediate control of body temperature.

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Explanation

The answer is D. Vitamin K.

The liver can synthesize vitamin K. Here's a breakdown of the other options:

Vitamin B6: The liver plays a role in storing and metabolizing vitamin B6, but it cannot synthesize it from scratch.
Vitamin B12: Similar to B6, the liver stores and processes vitamin B12 but doesn't synthesize it. We obtain B12 from animal products or fortified foods.
Vitamin E: The liver has a role in vitamin E metabolism, but synthesis primarily occurs in the fatty tissues.
Vitamin K: The liver is the primary site for vitamin K synthesis in the human body. It uses precursors obtained from dietary sources like green leafy vegetables and some bacteria in the gut.

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Explanation

The answer is C. Sound waves.

Electromagnetic radiation consists of waves that travel together due to the interaction of electric and magnetic fields. The other options are all examples of electromagnetic radiation:

Red Light: This is a form of visible light with a longer wavelength and lower frequency on the electromagnetic spectrum.
X-rays: These are high-energy, high-frequency electromagnetic waves used for medical imaging and other applications.
Photon: This is the basic unit of light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation.
Sound waves, on the other hand, are mechanical waves that require a medium (like air or water) to travel. They consist of vibrations of particles in the medium and do not involve the interaction of electric and magnetic fields.

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Explanation

The human eye isn't measured in megapixels like a digital camera. While an estimate suggests it can perceive detail equivalent to around 576 megapixels, it's not a perfect comparison.

Here's why:

Human Eye vs. Digital Camera:

The human eye doesn't capture a single image like a camera. It constantly receives and processes visual information.Resolution: While the 576-megapixel estimate refers to the level of detail the eye can perceive, it doesn't represent a fixed resolution. Our central vision has the highest detail perception, while peripheral vision is less detailed.Light Sensitivity: The human eye excels in low-light conditions compared to most digital cameras.So, while the 576-megapixel figure gives a general idea, it's important to understand that human vision is a complex biological system that functions differently than a camera.

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Explanation

The architect of the Faisal Mosque in Islamabad, Pakistan is Vedat Dalokay. He was a Turkish architect who won an international design competition for the mosque in 1969.

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Explanation

The Partition of Bengal and Lord Curzon
The partition of Bengal in 1905 was a highly controversial event in British colonial India. Here's a breakdown with some details about Lord Curzon's role:

Viceroy Lord Curzon (1899-1905):

Motivation for Partition: Curzon argued that the existing province of Bengal, encompassing a large area and population, was becoming unwieldy to administer. He proposed dividing it into two provinces: a western province with a Hindu majority and an eastern province with a Muslim majority.
Official Reasons: The British government cited administrative efficiency as the primary reason for the partition. However, many historians believe there were other motives at play.
Unintended Consequences: The partition triggered widespread protests and nationalist movements in Bengal. Hindus felt their dominance was being challenged, while Muslims felt the new province lacked resources and political power.
Opposition and Unrest:

Nationalist Uprising: The partition fueled the rise of Indian nationalism. Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Rabindranath Tagore vehemently opposed the decision and organized protests, boycotts, and a movement for national unity.
Swadeshi Movement: The Swadeshi movement, promoting the use of indigenous Indian goods over British imports, gained momentum as a form of economic protest.
Reversal of Partition:

Growing Unrest: The widespread agitation and growing unrest forced the British government to reconsider the partition.
Partial Reunification: In 1911, the eastern province was further divided, creating a separate province for Bihar and Orissa. A portion of the eastern Bengal province was reunited with Bengal, but the Muslim-majority areas remained a separate entity (East Bengal and Assam).
Legacy of Partition:

Seeds of Division: The partition of Bengal sowed the seeds of religious and political division that would ultimately lead to the partition of India in 1947.

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Explanation

Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned construction of the Red Fort on 12 May 1638, when he decided to shift his capital from Agra to Delhi. Originally red and white, its design is credited to architect Ustad Ahmad Lahori, who also constructed the Taj Mahal.

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Explanation

The answer is D. Constitutional.

The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, also known as the Mont-Ford Reforms, were aimed at introducing a gradual system of self-government in British India. These reforms were a significant step towards eventual independence.

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Explanation

The War of Independence in 1857 started in the city of Meerut, located around 40 miles northeast of Delhi. It began as a mutiny of sepoys, Indian soldiers in the British East India Company's army, who rebelled against perceived injustices and religious offenses. This uprising quickly spread to other parts of India, though it was ultimately unsuccessful in overthrowing British rule.

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Explanation

The Scientific Society you're referring to was most likely the Scientific Society of Aligarh, founded by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.

Here's why:

Date Alignment: While the exact date you provided (July 9th, 1864) might differ slightly from some sources mentioning January 1864, the general timeframe aligns with the founding of the Scientific Society of Aligarh by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.
Focus: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was a prominent figure in 19th-century India known for his advocacy for Muslim education and social reforms. The Scientific Society aimed to translate Western scientific and literary works into vernacular languages like Urdu and Hindi, promoting scientific knowledge among the Indian population.

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Explanation

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The correct answer is Lowari Tunnel. As of its completion in 2018, the Lowari Tunnel is the longest tunnel in Pakistan, a title it holds to this day.

The Lowari Tunnel: Pakistan\'s Longest

• Location & Type: The Lowari Tunnel is a vehicular tunnel located in the Upper Dir District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It passes under the Lowari Pass of the Hindu Kush mountains, connecting the districts of Dir and Chitral.
• Length: The tunnel system consists of two separate tunnels with a combined length of 10.4 kilometers (6.5 miles).
• Significance: It is one of the longest tunnels in South Asia and plays a vital role in regional connectivity, drastically reducing travel time between Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the northern areas.

Historical Context: The Khojak Tunnel

For over a century, the title of the longest tunnel in Pakistan belonged to the Khojak Tunnel (also spelled Khojab).

• Length & Type: The Khojak Tunnel is a 3.91 km (2.43 mi) long railway tunnel.
• Location & History: It is located in the Qilla Abdullah District of Balochistan, near the Pakistan-Afghan border. The tunnel was constructed in 1891 under the Khojak Pass and was featured on the old Pakistani five-rupee banknote.
• Superseded: The Khojak Tunnel held the record for being the longest in Pakistan until it was surpassed by the Lowari Tunnel in 2018.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect

• Kalabagh: This is primarily known for the Kalabagh Dam project, not a major tunnel.
• Khyber: This refers to the Khyber Pass, a mountain pass, not a tunnel.
• Kohat: While the Kohat Tunnel exists, it is not the longest in Pakistan.

In summary: While the Khojak Tunnel was the longest for many years, the Lowari Tunnel, with its 10.4 km length, is the current record holder and the correct answer to this question.

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Explanation

The answer is A. Geochronology.

Here's why:

Geochronology is the scientific field that focuses on determining the age of rocks, fossils, and other geological features. It plays a crucial role in understanding the timeline of Earth's history.
Geohistology is not a commonly used term. It might be a combination of "geology" and "histology" (study of tissues), which wouldn't directly relate to studying time in Earth's history.
Geography deals with the study of Earth's landscapes, features, and populations, not specifically the timeline of its formation and changes.

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Explanation

The answer is B. Equator.

Here's why:

A great circle is any circle drawn on the surface of a sphere that divides the sphere into two equal halves.
The equator perfectly fulfills this definition. It is an imaginary line circling the Earth exactly in the middle, dividing it into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
The Arctic Circle, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn are all lines of latitude. Lines of latitude are parallel to the equator and do not divide the Earth into equal halves. They are considered small circles.

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Explanation

The 1973 Constitution of Pakistan is a detailed document outlining the framework of the government and the fundamental rights of its citizens. Here's a breakdown of its key components:

Parts:

Part I: Introductory (Articles 1-6): This part lays the groundwork by declaring Pakistan an Islamic Republic and outlining its sovereignty.

Part II: Fundamental Rights and Principles of Policy (Articles 7-40): This is a crucial section that defines the fundamental rights guaranteed to Pakistani citizens, such as:

Equality before law (Article 25)
Freedom of movement (Article 15)
Freedom of speech (Article 19)
Freedom of religion (Article 20)
Right to life and liberty (Article 23)
Protection against torture (Article 24)
This part also outlines the principles of policy the government should follow, promoting social justice, Islamic values, and economic well-being.

Part III: The Federation (Articles 41-237): This is the largest part, delving into the structure and powers of the federal government. It covers:

The Bicameral Legislature (Parliament) with its powers and limitations (Articles 50-77)
The Executive Branch, including the President and Prime Minister, their roles and responsibilities (Articles 41-44 & 90-96)
The Judiciary, outlining the court system and its independence (Articles 175-203)
Distribution of legislative powers between the federal and provincial governments (Articles 70 & 72)
Financial provisions related to taxation and budgeting (Articles 160-169)
Part IV: Provinces (Articles 238-279): This part defines the structure and powers of the four provinces of Pakistan. It covers:

Provincial Assemblies and their legislative powers
Provincial Governors and their roles
High Courts in each province
Part V: Relations between the Federation and the Provinces (Articles 280-288): This part outlines how the federal government and the provinces should cooperate and resolve any disputes.

Part VI: Islamic Provisions (Articles 289-290): This part emphasizes the importance of Islam in the Pakistani state and the enforcement of Islamic laws according to the Quran and Sunnah.

Part VII: Amendments to the Constitution (Articles 290A-291): This part details the process for amending the Constitution.

It's important to note:

The Constitution has been amended several times since 1973.
There are ongoing debates and interpretations regarding the balance of power between the federal government and the provinces.
For a deeper understanding, you can access the full text of the Constitution here: https://na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1333523681_951.pdf

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Explanation

The answer is D. Water.

While all the options (Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen) are essential for life as we know it, the lack of water is the primary reason why life is absent on the moon. Water is a crucial component for biological processes and plays a vital role in the formation and structure of living organisms.

Here's a breakdown of why the other options aren't the primary reason:

Carbon: Carbon is a fundamental building block of life on Earth, but there might be some carbon-containing molecules present on the moon.
Hydrogen: Hydrogen is another abundant element in the universe, and some evidence suggests the presence of water ice on the moon in permanently shadowed craters.
Nitrogen: Nitrogen is another essential element for life, but similar to carbon, its absence isn't the main roadblock for life on the moon.
The lack of water, combined with the moon's harsh environment with extreme temperatures, a thin atmosphere, and radiation exposure, makes it unsuitable for life as we understand it.

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Explanation

The Constitution of 1973 set up a bicameral legislature in Pakistan, also known as Parliament. This means it has two houses:

National Assembly: The lower house with more members, directly elected by the people.
Senate: The upper house with fewer members, elected by provincial assemblies.

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