Performance (value-for-money) audit examines the:
The three Es are economy, efficiency and effectiveness.
Prepare Auditing MCQs covering the scope and objectives of auditing, types of audit, audit planning, audit programmes, audit evidence, working papers, verification of assets and liabilities, internal controls, investigation of accounts, fraud detection, IT audit and computer-assisted audit techniques. Also study the rights, powers, duties and liabilities of auditors.
The three Es are economy, efficiency and effectiveness.
CAATs, such as audit software, help the auditor test entire populations of transactions efficiently.
Confirmations of balances directly test account balances; the others are control-related procedures.
An audit committee is a board committee, usually of non-executive directors, that oversees financial reporting and audit.
ISA 701 requires KAMs to be communicated in the report for listed entities (and when otherwise decided).
A compliance audit tests adherence to specified laws, regulations and policies.
Professional skepticism includes a questioning mind and alertness to conditions suggesting misstatement.
Working papers are the property of the auditor, subject to confidentiality and legal requirements.
Attending the count helps verify that inventory exists and is in the condition reported.
Cut-off tests make sure transactions near the year end are recorded in the correct period.
Completeness concerns omissions, i.e. understatement.
This assertion addresses ownership or control of assets and the entity's obligations for liabilities.
The report is addressed as required by circumstances, usually to the shareholders or members.
ISA 700 requires the report date to be no earlier than when sufficient appropriate evidence has been obtained.
ISA 560 deals with events after the reporting date up to the auditor's report date, and facts discovered after it.
Adjusting events provide evidence of conditions that existed at the reporting date.
Fraud is intentional; error is unintentional.
The auditor obtains reasonable assurance but primary responsibility lies with management and those charged with governance.
Internal audit is an internal appraisal function; the external auditor reports independently to shareholders or members.
Auditing one's own work creates a self-review threat.
Over time the auditor may become too sympathetic to the client's interests, a familiarity threat.
COSO components are control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring.
Separating incompatible duties reduces the chance of error and fraud going unnoticed.
Sampling risk arises because only part of the population is examined.
Statistical sampling uses random selection and probability theory to measure sampling risk.