Correct Answer: Child abuse and drug abuse. The Standing Committee specifically raised alarm over child abuse and drug abuse occurring within educational institutions.

• Lack of computers: This is an ongoing concern but was not the specific issue flagged in this alarm.
• Poor examination results: This was not the specific issue the committee raised alarm over.
• Shortage of teachers: This is a separate concern, not the one specifically flagged here.

Correct Answer: Science, Mathematics, and English. The reform programme's goal is to broaden madrassa curricula by adding Science, Mathematics, and English alongside religious studies.

• Only Arabic: This single-subject option fails to capture the multi-subject modernization intended by the reform.
• Only Urdu: This does not reflect the broader set of subjects introduced by the reform.
• Only Islamic history: This does not capture the modern academic subjects the reform actually introduced.

Correct Answer: Pakistan Madrasah Education Board. Following reforms, the Pakistan Madrasah Education Board was established as the dedicated regulatory body for madrassas.

• HEC: HEC oversees higher education, not madrassa regulation.
• Ministry of Religious Affairs: This ministry handles broader religious matters, not specific madrassa regulation.
• Federal Directorate of Education: This body manages federal schools, not the specific madrassa regulator.

Correct Answer: Promote STEM education and tech entrepreneurship. The NTC's mandate centers on promoting STEM education and fostering tech entrepreneurship in the country.

• Regulate social media: This is an unrelated function not assigned to this council.
• Ban mobile phones in schools: This is not part of the NTC's mandate.
• Conduct IT exams for government jobs: This is a separate function not assigned to the NTC.

Correct Answer: 120. As of 2026, Pakistan has approximately 120 public sector universities.

• 80: This understates the current number of public sector universities.
• 100: This also understates the current reported figure.
• 150: This overstates the number relative to the reported figure.

Correct Answer: Online distance learning programmes. The Digital University initiative is centered on delivering online distance-learning degree programmes.

• Free laptops to all students: This is a different kind of initiative, not the core purpose of the Digital University.
• Smart classrooms in every school: This is not the focus of this particular programme.
• International scholarships: This is unrelated to the Digital University's actual purpose.

Correct Answer: Standardized entry tests for universities. ETC was set up by HEC specifically to administer standardized entry tests for university admissions.

• Annual school examinations: These are handled by other boards, not ETC.
• Teacher certification exams: This is a separate function not handled by ETC.
• Vocational training assessments: These are managed by other bodies, not ETC.

Correct Answer: Programme Review for Enhancement and Effectiveness (PREE). HEC's specific quality review mechanism for graduate programmes is called PREE.

• ISO standards: These are broader international standards, not HEC's specific named review mechanism.
• WHO standards: These relate to health matters, not academic programme review.
• UNESCO standards: These are not the specific standard used by HEC for this review.

Correct Answer: National Education Policy 2009. NITE was established as part of the National Education Policy 2009 framework for improving teacher education.

• National Education Policy 1998: This earlier policy addressed a different reform period, not NITE's founding.
• National Education Policy 2017: This policy came after NITE's establishment.
• Single National Curriculum 2020: This deals with curriculum standardization, not the founding of NITE.

Correct Answer: English language teaching. As its name indicates, PEELI is specifically focused on improving English language teaching in Punjab's schools.

• Science education: This is not the focus area of PEELI.
• Mathematics skills: PEELI does not target mathematics as its core focus.
• Vocational training: This is a separate area not covered by this particular initiative.

Correct Answer: Continuous Professional Development (CPD). CPD is the specific in-service programme designed to continuously upgrade teachers' classroom practices.

• National Teacher Training Programme: This is not the specific named in-service programme.
• Teacher Induction Programme: This is designed for new teachers, not ongoing in-service development.
• School Leadership Programme: This targets school heads and leadership, not general classroom practice improvement.

Correct Answer: All of the above. Teacher training takes place across multiple types of institutions, including Colleges of Education, Elementary Colleges, and Institutes of Education and Research.

• Colleges of Education: Selecting only this option understates the full range of institutions involved.
• Elementary Colleges: This alone omits the other institutions that also conduct teacher training.
• Institutes of Education and Research: This alone leaves out the other institution types involved in training teachers.