Which practice is most likely to undermine students’ perception of fairness?
Arbitrary differences in treatment can undermine trust and create perceptions of bias.
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A teacher consistently applies the same classroom rule to high-achieving and low-achieving students. This demonstrates:
Consistency and fairness increase students' perceptions of predictability and legitimacy.
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Which is the BEST initial strategy for preventing frequent minor classroom disruptions?
Preventive management addresses the conditions that produce disruption before corrective action becomes necessary.
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A teacher gives students a five-minute task but spends three minutes distributing materials and explaining unclear instructions. Which management problem is most evident?
Inefficient procedures consume instructional time and create opportunities for off-task behaviour.
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Which classroom-management principle is most closely associated with keeping students actively engaged and minimizing idle time?
Academic learning time refers to the time students are actively engaged in appropriate learning tasks and is closely related to effective classroom management.
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A teacher notices that several students become disruptive during transitions. Which intervention is likely to be most effective?
Predictable routines reduce downtime and uncertainty during transitions and therefore help prevent disruptive behaviour.
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Which seating arrangement generally provides strong opportunities for discussion while allowing the teacher to move around the students?
A U-shaped arrangement facilitates visibility, interaction, discussion, and teacher movement.
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A teacher gives lengthy lectures about classroom behaviour every time a student becomes disruptive. Why might this be ineffective?
Excessive attention to minor misbehaviour can reinforce attention-seeking behaviour and disrupt the learning of the entire class.
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Which factor is most likely to contribute to effective classroom management?
Engaging instruction reduces opportunities for off-task behaviour and keeps students actively involved in learning.
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A teacher establishes clear procedures on the first day, practices them with students, and consistently reinforces them. The primary purpose is to:
Explicit routines reduce ambiguity, save instructional time, and help students know how to behave during recurring classroom situations.
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Which classroom-management style is most likely to create problems because students receive few behavioural limits and little guidance?
A permissive approach generally provides warmth or acceptance but insufficient structure and behavioural limits.
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An authoritarian teacher is most likely to emphasize:
Authoritarian management is characterized by high control, strict rules, limited student participation, and relatively low responsiveness.
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Which teacher behaviour is most characteristic of an authoritative classroom-management style?
Authoritative management combines firm, reasonable expectations with responsiveness, communication, support, and explanation.
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A student stops interrupting because the teacher consistently ignores minor attention-seeking comments while reinforcing appropriate participation. This strategy is closest to:
If attention is maintaining the unwanted behaviour, withholding that reinforcement can reduce it, while reinforcing appropriate participation teaches the desired alternative.
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Which statement correctly distinguishes negative reinforcement from punishment?
The key distinction is the effect on behaviour. Reinforcement increases behaviour, while punishment is intended to decrease behaviour. Negative reinforcement does so by removing an aversive stimulus.
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A teacher removes an unpleasant additional task after a student consistently follows classroom procedures. The student’s appropriate behaviour increases. This is:
Negative reinforcement strengthens behaviour by removing an unpleasant stimulus. It should not be confused with punishment.
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A teacher praises a student immediately after the student begins completing assignments on time, increasing the likelihood that the behaviour will continue. This is:
Positive reinforcement involves presenting a desirable consequence after a behaviour to increase the likelihood of that behaviour recurring.
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A teacher stands near a student who is talking during independent work. The student stops talking without the teacher saying anything. This is an example of:
Proximity control uses the teacher's physical presence to influence behaviour without interrupting instruction.
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A student repeatedly calls out answers without permission. Which intervention is most appropriate as an initial low-level response?
Minor classroom behaviour should normally be addressed through proportionate, minimally disruptive strategies while reinforcing the desired alternative behaviour.
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A teacher wants students to understand exactly what behaviour is expected. Which rule is BEST written?
Effective rules describe observable behaviour. “Raise your hand before speaking” is more specific and measurable than vague instructions such as “behave properly.”
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Which set of classroom rules is generally most effective?
Effective classroom rules are limited, clear, observable, positively stated, consistently applied, and preferably developed with appropriate student involvement.
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A teacher changes activities smoothly without leaving students waiting for materials or instructions. This practice primarily supports:
Smooth transitions and continuous lesson flow reduce downtime and help maintain students' attention and engagement.
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Which classroom-management practice is most consistent with Kounin’s concept of momentum?
Momentum refers to maintaining smooth and continuous progress in classroom activities. Frequent unnecessary interruptions can disrupt instructional momentum.
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When a teacher corrects one student’s misbehaviour and nearby students also stop similar behaviour, Kounin refers to this as:
The ripple effect occurs when a teacher's correction of one student's behaviour influences other students in the class.
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A teacher notices two students whispering while simultaneously continuing to monitor a group working at the back of the classroom. Which Kounin concept is most directly illustrated?
Overlapping is the teacher's ability to deal with more than one classroom event at the same time without unnecessarily interrupting the lesson.
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