Author name: Umar

The term "فاتحہ پڑھنا" (Fatiha Padhna) in an Islamic context refers to the act of reciting specific verses from the Quran, particularly Surah Al-Fatiha, and other prayers, with the intention of conveying spiritual reward (thawab) to the soul of a deceased person. This practice is a way for the living to seek blessings and mercy for the departed.

• "مردے کی روح کو ثواب پہنچانا" is the correct option because it accurately describes the primary purpose of Fatiha Padhna.
• "کسی کی صحت کی دعا کرنا" is incorrect; while prayers for health are common, they are not specifically termed Fatiha Padhna.
• "دنیاوی کامیابی کی دعا کرنا" is also a general prayer for worldly success, distinct from Fatiha Padhna.
• "کسی کی مدد کے لیے دعا کرنا" refers to seeking help, which is a different form of supplication.

The question requires identifying the author of the literary work "ایسی بلندی ایسی پستی" (Aisi Bulandi Aisi Pasti). This title refers to a significant novel in Urdu literature, known for its exploration of social and psychological themes.

• The correct author is عزیز احمد (Aziz Ahmed) (A). Aziz Ahmed was a prominent Urdu novelist, short story writer, and critic, whose works often delved into complex human relationships and societal issues.
• اشفاق احمد (Ashfaq Ahmed) (B), مرزا ہادی رسوا (Mirza Hadi Ruswa) (C), and ممتاز مفتی (Mumtaz Mufti) (D) are all celebrated figures in Urdu literature, but "Aisi Bulandi Aisi Pasti" is not among their works.

The question asks about the author of the famous Urdu poem "تاج محل" (Taj Mahal). This poem is celebrated for its unique perspective, critiquing the monument not just as a symbol of love but also as a product of exploitation and a reminder of class disparity.

• The poem was penned by the renowned progressive Urdu poet, ساحر لدھیانوی (Sahir Ludhianvi) (B). His works often carried social commentary and a distinctive romantic yet realistic tone.
• جون ایلیا (Jaun Elia) (A) and فراق گورکھپوری (Firaq Gorakhpuri) (C) are prominent Urdu poets, but "Taj Mahal" is not attributed to them. Therefore, option (D) "ان میں سے کوئی نہیں" (None of these) is also incorrect.

The question asks for the publication year of Bano Qudsia's renowned Urdu novel, “Raja Gidh”. This novel is a significant work in Urdu literature, exploring themes of love, morality, and existentialism through its unique narrative.

• The correct publication year for “Raja Gidh” is 1981 (C). This is a factual detail related to literary history.
• Options (A) 1975, (B) 1978, and (D) 1984 are incorrect dates. Knowing the exact publication year of major literary works is crucial for understanding their historical context and impact within the literary landscape.

The question asks for the antonym of Docile. Docile describes someone or something that is easily managed, taught, or controlled; submissive. Therefore, its antonym should convey the opposite meaning: resistance to control or instruction.

• Unyielding (B) accurately captures this opposite meaning, signifying someone who is inflexible, stubborn, and not easily persuaded or controlled.
• Yielding (A), Obedient (C), and Submissive (D) are all synonyms or closely related in meaning to docile, describing someone who readily complies or gives way. Thus, they are incorrect as antonyms.

The correct answer is Extend.

• The word “Prolong” means to make something last for a longer period of time or to extend its duration.
• Option A (Extend) is a direct synonym of “Prolong” as it also means to make something longer or to continue for a longer time.
• Option B (Shorten) is an antonym of “Prolong,” meaning to make something shorter.
• Option C (Cancel) means to call off or annul something, which is unrelated to the duration of an event.
• Option D (End) means to bring something to a conclusion or stop it, which is the opposite of prolonging it.

The correct answer is 745. Here's why:

• The article was sold for 596 after a 20% discount. This means 596 represents 100% - 20% = 80% of the original price.
• To find the original price, you divide the discounted price by the percentage it represents: Original Price = 596 / 0.80 = 745.
• Option A (600) is incorrect because a 20% discount on 600 would be 120, making the selling price 480, not 596.
• Option C (800) is incorrect because a 20% discount on 800 would be 160, making the selling price 640.
• Option D (945) is incorrect as a 20% discount on 945 would result in a much lower selling price than 596.

The correct answer is The smallest resolvable part of a picture.

• Explanation: A pixel, short for 'picture element', is the smallest individual unit of a digital image or display that can be controlled or represented. Each pixel contains color information, and when many pixels are combined, they form a complete image. The resolution of an image or screen is determined by the number of pixels it contains.
• Why other options are false:
• B (A picture stored in secondary memory): A pixel is a component of a picture, not the entire picture itself, nor does it describe where the picture is stored.
• C (A computer program that draws picture): A pixel is a data unit, a building block of an image, not a program or software.
• D (A virus): A pixel is a fundamental concept in digital imaging and has no relation to computer viruses.

The correct answer is A range of cells from A20 to A31.

• Explanation: In Microsoft Excel, the colon (:) operator is used to define a range of cells. When you see 'A20:A31', it refers to all the cells starting from cell A20 and extending down to cell A31, encompassing every cell in column A between those two points, inclusively.
• Why other options are false:
• A (A single cell): A single cell would be referenced as 'A20' or 'A31'.
• C (A formula to calculate average): A formula always begins with an equals sign (=), for example, '=AVERAGE(A20:A31)'.
• D (A specific column labeled A20 and A31): This notation refers to a contiguous block of cells within a single column, not two separate columns or labels.

The correct answer is Counts non-empty cells.

• Explanation: The COUNTA() function in Excel is designed to count the number of cells within a specified range that are not empty. This means it counts cells containing any type of data, whether it's numbers, text, logical values (TRUE/FALSE), or error values.
• Why other options are false:
• A (Counts cells having alphabets): COUNTA counts any non-empty cell, not specifically those with alphabets. To count cells with only alphabets, you would typically use a combination of functions like SUMPRODUCT and ISTEXT.
• B (Counts empty cells): The COUNTBLANK() function is used to count empty cells.
• C (Counts cells having numbers): The COUNT() function is specifically used to count cells that contain only numbers.

The correct answer is ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). ASCII is the standard character encoding system used to represent letters, numbers, symbols, and control characters in computers. When a key is pressed on a keyboard, the corresponding ASCII code is generated and processed by the computer.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect

• ANSI: ANSI is a standards organization, not a character encoding standard used for keyboard input.
• EBCDIC: EBCDIC is a character encoding system used mainly on IBM mainframe computers.
• ISO: ISO is an international standards organization and does not itself define the keyboard character codes used in this context.

Therefore, ASCII is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Same for all intensities.

• Explanation: The speed of electromagnetic waves, including light, in a vacuum is a fundamental physical constant, denoted as 'c'. This speed is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second and is independent of the wave's intensity, frequency, or wavelength.
• Why other options are false:
• B & C (Faster/Lower for higher intensities): Intensity relates to the amplitude of the wave, which affects its energy, but not its speed in a vacuum.
• D (Dependent on frequency): While frequency and wavelength are inversely related (c = fλ), the speed 'c' itself is constant and does not depend on the frequency of the wave.

The correct answer is Animal cells. The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a vital component of all cells, regulating the passage of substances in and out. In animal cells, it serves as the outermost boundary, directly interacting with the external environment.

• Bacterial cells have a cell wall located outside their plasma membrane, providing structural support and protection.
• Plant cells also possess a rigid cell wall external to their plasma membrane, which gives them their characteristic shape and strength.
• Therefore, the plasma membrane is the outermost covering specifically for animal cells, making 'None of these' incorrect.

The correct answer is 10⁻¹² seconds. In the metric system, prefixes are used to denote multiples or submultiples of base units. The prefix 'pico-' (symbol p) represents a factor of 10⁻¹². Therefore, a picosecond (ps) is equal to one trillionth of a second.

• The options '10 seconds', '10 seconds', and '10 seconds' are incorrect. A picosecond specifically refers to 10⁻¹² seconds, indicating an extremely short duration. Understanding metric prefixes is fundamental in scientific measurements.

The correct answer is Soil erosion. Deforestation involves the clearing of forests, which significantly impacts the environment. Tree roots play a crucial role in binding soil particles together, preventing them from being washed away by rain or blown away by wind. When trees are removed, the soil loses this protective cover and structural integrity, making it highly susceptible to erosion.

• Rainfall typically decreases in deforested areas due to reduced evapotranspiration, not increases.
• Biodiversity decreases with deforestation as habitats are destroyed, leading to species loss.
• Oxygen production decreases because trees are major producers of oxygen through photosynthesis.

The correct answer is None of these. The SI (International System of Units) unit for speed is derived from the SI units for distance and time. The SI unit for distance is the meter (m), and the SI unit for time is the second (s). Therefore, the SI unit for speed is meters per second (m/s).

• Kilometers per hour (km/h) is a common unit for speed but not the SI unit.
• Miles per hour (mph) is a common unit for speed in some regions but not the SI unit.
• Centimeters per second (cm/s) is a unit of speed, but 'centi' is a prefix, and the base SI unit for length is the meter, not centimeter.

The correct answer is Calcium chloride. Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is widely used for de-icing roads because it effectively lowers the freezing point of water, preventing ice formation and melting existing ice. It also releases heat when dissolved (exothermic reaction), which aids in the melting process and allows it to work at lower temperatures than other salts like sodium chloride.

• Potassium nitrate is primarily used in fertilizers and explosives, not as a de-icer.
• Ammonium nitrate is also a fertilizer and can be explosive, making it unsuitable for road de-icing.
• Potassium chloride can be used for de-icing but is generally less effective and more expensive than calcium chloride or sodium chloride, especially at very low temperatures.

The Bara River originates in the Tirah Valley, a mountainous region in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is a significant tributary that flows through the region before eventually joining the River Kabul. The River Kabul itself is a major river in Afghanistan and Pakistan, which later merges with the Indus River. The Bara River plays a crucial role in the local ecosystem and provides water resources to the surrounding areas.

• The River Swat is a separate river system in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and does not receive the Bara River.
• The River Indus is the largest river in Pakistan, but the Bara River joins the Kabul River, which then flows into the Indus.
• The River Kurram is another tributary in the region, but the Bara River does not join it; it has its own distinct course.

Finland is famously known as the “Land of a Thousand Lakes,” or more accurately, the “Land of Ten Thousand Lakes,” due to its incredibly high density of lakes. The country boasts approximately 188,000 lakes larger than 500 square meters, a result of glacial erosion during the last ice age which carved out numerous depressions that subsequently filled with water. This unique geography makes lakes a defining feature of the Finnish landscape and culture.

• Canada, while having numerous lakes, is not typically referred to by this specific moniker.
• Jamaica is a Caribbean island known for its beaches and mountains, not an abundance of lakes.
• Japan is an archipelago with a mountainous terrain, and while it has some beautiful lakes, it is not characterized by the sheer number seen in Finland.

Convectional rainfall commonly occurs in Equatorial Regions. This type of rainfall happens when the sun's intense heat warms the ground, causing the air above it to heat up, expand, and rise rapidly. As this warm, moist air ascends, it cools, condenses, and forms towering cumulonimbus clouds, leading to heavy downpours, often accompanied by thunder and lightning. Equatorial regions receive direct sunlight throughout the year, providing the consistent heat needed for this process.

• Temperate Regions primarily experience frontal and orographic rainfall.
• Polar Regions are too cold for significant convectional uplift and have very low precipitation overall.
• Desert Regions, despite being hot, lack sufficient moisture for widespread convectional rainfall, though localized events can occur.