- A. Hypothalamus Gland
- B. Pituitary Gland
- C. Adrenal Gland
- D. Thyroid Gland
The Correct Answer is: A
Explanation
The answer is A. Hypothalamus.
The hypothalamus is a small region located at the base of the brain that acts as the body’s thermostat. It plays a critical role in regulating body temperature through various mechanisms:
Monitoring: The hypothalamus receives signals from temperature sensors in the skin and internal organs, constantly monitoring body temperature.
Regulation: Based on the information received, the hypothalamus initiates various responses to maintain a constant internal temperature (around 37°C or 98.6°F).
Heat Loss: If the body temperature rises, the hypothalamus stimulates mechanisms like sweating, vasodilation (widening blood vessels in the skin), and increased blood flow to the skin to release heat.
Heat Production: If the body temperature drops, the hypothalamus triggers shivering, increased metabolic rate (generating heat), and vasoconstriction (narrowing blood vessels) to conserve heat.
The other glands listed have different functions:
Pituitary Gland: Often called the “master gland,” it produces hormones that control various bodily functions, but not directly temperature regulation.
Adrenal Gland: Produces hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, which influence stress response and metabolism, not the core body temperature.
Thyroid Gland: Produces hormones that regulate metabolism and energy expenditure, but not the immediate control of body temperature.
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