- A a) Unconscious desires and conflicts
- B b) Cognitive processes and mental representations
- C c) Reinforcement and punishment
- D d) Genetic predisposition
Answer: Correct Answer is : b) Cognitive processes and mental representations
Explanation:
According to John B. Watson, the founder of behaviorism, behavior is primarily shaped by C) Reinforcement and punishment.
Here’s the breakdown:
- John B. Watson and Behaviorism: Watson emphasized objective, observable behavior and rejected the study of internal mental states.
- Focus on Learning: He believed behavior is learned through a process of conditioning, where responses are strengthened or weakened based on the consequences they produce.
- Reinforcement and Punishment: Watson’s theory focused on reinforcement (rewarding desired behaviors) and punishment (discouraging unwanted behaviors) as the key mechanisms for shaping behavior.
While cognitive processes might play a role in behaviorism (e.g., forming associations between stimuli and responses), it wasn’t the primary focus for Watson.
The other options are also not central to Watson’s behaviorism:
- Unconscious desires and conflicts (a): This aligns more with psychoanalytic theories that Watson rejected.
- Genetic predisposition (d): While genetics might influence behavior to some extent, Watson focused on environmental factors like reinforcement and punishment for shaping behavior through learning.
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